Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Duration of PR interval of ECG (HR: 75/min)
0.2 s
Duration of P wave of ECG (HR: 75/min)
0.1 s
Duration of QRS complex of ECG (HR: 75/min)
0.1 s
Duration of QT interval
0.4 sec
Amplitude of ST-segment of ECG (isoelectric)
+/- 0.1 mV
Amplitude of R and T waves of ECG in II. lead
- R wave: 1.5 mV
- T wave: 0.5 mV
RR interval
0.8 s
Duration of cardiac cycle (HR: 75/min)
0.8 s
Duration of systole (HR: 75/min)
0.27 s
Duration of diastole (HR: 75/min)
0.53 s
Duration of ventricular ejection (HR: 75/min)
0.25 s
Duration of ventricular filling (HR: 75/min)
0.3 s
Stroke volume
70 ml
End-diastolic volume: 140 ml
End-systolic volume: 70 ml
Systolic pressure in the aorta
120 mmHg
Diastolic pressure in the aorta
80 mmHg
Right ventricular pressure
- Systole: 25 mmHg
- Diastole: 5 mmHg
Left ventricular pressure
- Systole: 120 mmHg
- Diastole: 10 mmHg (less that 10!)
Pulmonary artery pressure
- Systole: 25 mmHg
- Diastole: 8 mmHg
Central venous pressure (CVP)
5 mmHg
Mean blood pressure in pulmonary circulation
14 mmHg
Blood pressure in left atrium
8 mmHg
Driving blood pressure in pulmonary circulation
14-8 = 6 mmHg
Kidney
Blood flow:
- 25% (of CO) rest
- 4% exercise
AVDO2: 15 mlO2/L (350ml/100g/min)
Splanchnic area
Blood flow:
- 25% rest
- 5% exercise
AVDO2: 35 mlO2/L
Brain
Blood flow:
- 15% rest
- 4% exercise
AVDO2 in the brain: 60 mlO2/L
Heart
Blood flow:
- 5% rest (250 ml/min)
- 5% exercise
AVDO2 (oxygen extraction):
- Resting condition: 120 mlO2/L
- Physical exercise: 500 mlO2/L (not sure)
O2 consumption:
- 30 mlO2/min resting (whole body 250 mlO2/min)
Skin
Blood flow:
- 5% rest
- 10% exercise (not sure)
AVDO2: 20-30 mlO2/L
Skeletal muscle
Blood flow:
- 25% rest
- 75% exercise (not sure)
AVDO2:
- Resting: 60 mlO2/L
- Physical exercise: 150 mlO2/L
Oxygen consumption in 1 minute
250 ml/min
AVDO2 in the systemic circulation
50 mlO2/L
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume
150 ml
Protein concentration of cerebrospinal fluid
15-45 mg/dL
Hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid
-2 mmHg
Hydrostatic pressure of capillaries
- Arteriolar end: +36 mmHg
- Venular end: +16 mmHg
Effective filtration pressure of capillaries
- Arteriolar end: +12 mmHg
- Venular end: -4 mmHg
Rate of lymph production
120 ml/hour
Hematocrit (Ht or HCT)
Normal value: 37-50%
Ejection fraction
55%
Cardiac output (CO)
5000 ml/min
Normal sinus rhythm
60-100 impulses per minute
Atrial, ventricular and Purkinje fibers action potential
From -85 mV to +20 mv
SA node action potential
From -65 mV (maximum diastolic potential) to about +10 mV
Chronotropic effects
The effects of the autonomic nervous system on heart rate are called chronotropic effects.
Dromotropic effects
The effects of the autonomic nervous system on conduction velocity are called dromotropic effects.
Ionotropic effect
- Agents that produce an increase in contractility are said to have positive inotropic effects. Positive inotropic agents increase both the rate of tension development and the peak tension.
- Agents that produce a decrease in contractility are said to have negative inotropic effects. Negative inotropic agents decrease both the rate of tension development and the peak tension.
