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Medical Science > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cells are metabolising so they need:

A

Fuel (glucose)
Oxygen
Remove waste products (CO2, heat)

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2
Q

Definition of “random walk”

A

Particles direction changes because of collisions

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3
Q

Equation for x in diffusion

A

(X)2 = k t

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4
Q

Definition of bulk flow

Units of bulk flow

A

Through convention, heat transfer due to bulk movement of molecules within fluids

1m/s

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5
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

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6
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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7
Q

Circulation happens in series:

A

Pulmonary circulation

Systemic circulation

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8
Q

Structure of the artery

A

Intima layer
Medial layer
Adventitial layer

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9
Q

Description of the intimal layer

A

Endothelial cells

Membrane of elastin

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10
Q

Description of medial layer

A

Smooth-muscle cells

Sheets of protein elastin

Controls the diameter of the artery (important role in blood flow and blood pressure)

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11
Q

Description of adventitial layer

A

Connective tissue
Has the vasa vasorum

Collagen fibre

Protects and reinforces the blood vessels

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12
Q

Vasa Vasorum

A

Blood vessels that feed the vessels

Have nerve endings

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13
Q

Laplace’s Law

A

Tension = P x r
P - pressure
r - radius

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14
Q

4 valves

A

Bicuspid (mitral)
Tricuspid
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve

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15
Q

Has high compliance

A

Vein

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16
Q

Plays a role in thermoregulation

A

Capillaries

17
Q

Has a variable blood storage

A

Veins

18
Q

Exchanges nutrients through diffusion

A

Capillaries

19
Q

hollow, muscular organ in the center of the chest that pumps blood throughout the body

A

heart

20
Q

a wall of tissue that separates the left and right sides of the heart

A

Septum

21
Q

Smallest blood vessels

A

Capillaries

22
Q

upper chambers of the heart that receive blood that comes into the heart

A

Atrium

23
Q

lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart

A

Ventricles

Medical Science (2 decks)

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