Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Cells are metabolising so they need:
Fuel (glucose)
Oxygen
Remove waste products (CO2, heat)
Definition of “random walk”
Particles direction changes because of collisions
Equation for x in diffusion
(X)2 = k t
Definition of bulk flow
Units of bulk flow
Through convention, heat transfer due to bulk movement of molecules within fluids
1m/s
Vein
Blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
Artery
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Circulation happens in series:
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Structure of the artery
Intima layer
Medial layer
Adventitial layer
Description of the intimal layer
Endothelial cells
Membrane of elastin
Description of medial layer
Smooth-muscle cells
Sheets of protein elastin
Controls the diameter of the artery (important role in blood flow and blood pressure)
Description of adventitial layer
Connective tissue
Has the vasa vasorum
Collagen fibre
Protects and reinforces the blood vessels
Vasa Vasorum
Blood vessels that feed the vessels
Have nerve endings
Laplace’s Law
Tension = P x r
P - pressure
r - radius
4 valves
Bicuspid (mitral)
Tricuspid
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Has high compliance
Vein
Plays a role in thermoregulation
Capillaries
Has a variable blood storage
Veins
Exchanges nutrients through diffusion
Capillaries
hollow, muscular organ in the center of the chest that pumps blood throughout the body
heart
a wall of tissue that separates the left and right sides of the heart
Septum
Smallest blood vessels
Capillaries
upper chambers of the heart that receive blood that comes into the heart
Atrium
lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart
Ventricles
