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BMS 330 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 parts of the heart

A

epicardium,myocardium,endocardium

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2
Q

What part of the mediastinum is the heart located in?

A

Middle Mediastinum of the thorax

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3
Q

What way does the base of the heart face?

A

Dorsocranelly (to the rt)

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4
Q

What way does the apex of the heart face?

A

Ventrocaudally (left)

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5
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

fibroserous membrane that covers the heart

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6
Q

what covers the outer thick layer of the pericardium?

A

Mediastinal Pleura

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7
Q

What covers the surface of the heart and where does it start

A

On its base the visceral part of the serous pericardium reflects onto the heart (epicardium)

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8
Q

What is the pericardial Cavity?

A

The space in between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium

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9
Q

What happens to the serous fluid when pericarditis occurs?

A

Fluid increases

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10
Q

What does the pericardium connect to at the apex of the pericardium?

A

Sternum and Diaphram

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11
Q

What structure connects the apex of the percardium to the sternum and diaphram?

A

Sterno pericardiac ligament (Phernco-pericardiac ligament

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12
Q

What partially covers the cranial aspect of the pericardium?

A

Thymus in the crainal mediastinum

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13
Q

What is the largest artery of the body?

A

aorta

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14
Q

Where does the aorta arise from?

A

The left venticle

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15
Q

From the left ventricle where does the aorta course and what is that called?

A

Cranially (Ascending aorta)

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16
Q

What is the bend called where the ascending aorta courses dorsal and then caudal?

A

Aortic arch

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17
Q

After the aortic arch, what is the aorta called?

A

thoracic aorta

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18
Q

Where is the thoracic aorta located?

A

Ventrolateral to the bodies of the vertebrae and dorsal to the esophagus

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19
Q

What side is the thoracic aorta located in relation to the median plane?

A

Left

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20
Q

What does the thoracic aorta pass through before leaving the thoracic cavity?

A

Aortic hiatus (Hiatus aorticus) of the diaphragm

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21
Q

what is the part of the aorta from the base of the heart including the aortic arch to the diaphragm called?

A

Thoratic Aorta

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22
Q

T/F the coronary arteries are paired

A

T

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23
Q

What is the parent artery of the coronary arteries?

A

Thoratic artery

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24
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

aortic sinus, before leaving the base of the heart

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25
Q

What do the paired coronary arteries supply?

A

Heart muscles

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26
Q

In the viscera do most organs have more than one arterial supply?

A

Yes

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27
Q

What is a collateral branch?

A

oppositely directed branches

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28
Q

When do anastomoses occur?

A

When branched arteries oppose each other within the same organ or region.

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29
Q

How are arteries named?

A

Organ they supply

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30
Q

What does the gastroduodenal artery supply?

A

Stomach and duodenum

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31
Q

What color are peripheral arteries?

A

Red

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32
Q

What color are pulmonary veins, left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Red!

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33
Q

What color are pulmonary arteries and right atrium and rt. ventricle?

A

BLUE!

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34
Q

What color is the Aorta and branches?

A

Red

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35
Q

What color is the pulmonary trunk?

A

Blue

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36
Q

what part of the mediastinum does the heart lie in?

A

Middle

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37
Q

Where is the cranial mediastinum?

A

Rostral to the middle mediastinum.

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38
Q

What mediastinum is caudal to the heart?

A

Caudal mediasttinum

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39
Q

What lymph node can interfere with respiration if enlarged?

A

Right Trachael bronchial Lymph node located near the right bronchus to the rt lung.

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40
Q

Is the pericardium attached to the apex of the heart?

A

no the base of the heart

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41
Q

What is the outer covering of the pericardium?

A

Mediastinal pleura

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42
Q

What secretes the fluid in the pericardsial cavity?

A

Serous membrane

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43
Q

What is typical pericardial volume?

A

1 mL

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44
Q

Where does the pericardium attach to the heart?

A

On the base dorsally but it is free ventrally

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45
Q

Tramatic ruminal pericarditis

A

Injury to the pericardium in rumenints

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46
Q

What does the phrenico pericardiac ligament attach to?

A

Diaphram caudally

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47
Q

What does the sterno pericardiac ligament attach to?

A

Sternum ventrally

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48
Q

Is the heart directly attached to the body

A

No the pericardium is attached to the diapharam caudally and the sternum ventrally through the phrenico pericardiac ligament and the sterno pericardia ligaments

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49
Q

What is the visceral layer of the pericardium also called?

A

Epicardium

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50
Q

In immature dogs, what is the cranial aspect of the pericardium covered by?

A

Thymus

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51
Q

Where do arteries go?

A

Away from the heart, can go through bone

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52
Q

Where does the mediastinal pleura extend to?

A

The roof to the floor of the thoratic cavity, from diaphram to thoratic inlet.

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53
Q

Where does the mediastinal pleura extend to?

A

The roof to the floor of the thoratic cavity, from diaphram to thoratic inlet, over the pericardium in the middle mediastinum.

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54
Q

Where is the mediastinal recess?

A

Between the right mediastinal pleura, plicae vena cava, the pericardium of the heart and diaphragm.

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55
Q

What does the mediastinal recess contain?

A

The accessory lobe of the right lung.

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56
Q

T/F The right pleural sac is perforated in the cat

A

True but not in dogs

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57
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

space between two pleural sacs (Mediastinal Plurae)

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58
Q

WThe mediastinum extends from the ______ to the _______.

A

Thoratic Inlet, Diaphram

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59
Q

T/F pericarditis is only caused by the visceral pericardial membrane of the heart

A

F -pericardial fluid builds up when the serous layers of the pericardium produces fluid

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60
Q

What happens to the pressure inside the pericardial cavity when the pericardium becomes inflamed?

A

Intra-pericardial pressure increases and cardiac output decreases

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61
Q

The heart is located ______if the thorax

A

in the middle

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62
Q

Are the pleural Sacs the same as the space between the large and small sacs ?

A

No that is the pleural cavity

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63
Q

The lungs are located in the_____

A

Pleural Sacs

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64
Q

What is hydrothorax?

A

Excessive pleural fluid secreted by pleural sacs in pleuitis.

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65
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

air due to stab wounds at the cupulae pleura or lungs

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66
Q

Where does a hemothorax occur?

A

Mediastinum and sometime pleural cavity

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67
Q

When does a hemothorax extend into the pleural cavity?

A

When the mediastinal plurae is punctured

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68
Q

what structures are located in the mediastinum?

A

Heart, major blood vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatics, nerves, longus colli muscle, esophagus, and trachea.

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69
Q

What way does the base of the heart face?

A

Dorsalcranially to the left

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70
Q

What way does the apex of the heart face?

A

Ventralcaudally to the left

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71
Q

The long axis of the heart bisects the long axis of the ____ at _____ degrees.

A

sternum, 40-45

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72
Q

In the cat the heart is more ____ than the dog at an angle of ______ to the sternum.

A

horizontal, 25-30

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73
Q

In the cat, the heart can be auscultated from ________.

A

Both sides

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74
Q

In the dog, the heart extends from the ______ to the______rib and _____ in some breeds.

A

3rd, caudal border of the 6th, 7th

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75
Q

In the dog the heart can be auscultated where?

A

In between the 3rd and the 5th intercostal spaces.

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76
Q

The left ventricle and a small portion of the right ventricle are located to the _____ of the ______.

A

left, median plane

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77
Q

What is the area called where the heart and pericardium are not covered by the lungs and where does this occur in the dog?

A

cardiac notch, on the right side

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78
Q

What is the cardiac notch in direct contact with in the dog?

A

right lateral thoratic wall ( the parietal/costal pleura)

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79
Q

Where is the cardiac notch found in the cat?

A

Both sides

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80
Q

What are the free borders of the lung lobes?

A

ventral and cover the heart

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81
Q

What are the free borders of the lungs used for?

A

palpation and auscultation

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82
Q

When describing the two surfaces of the heart, what relationship is it describing?

A

the relationship between the auricles and atria and the lateral thoratic walls.

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83
Q

What way does the auricular surface of the heart face?

A

Left thoratic wall

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84
Q

What parts of the heart are visible from the left side?

A

the right and left auricles, left atrium, part of the left ventricle and part of the right ventricle

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85
Q

What does the atrial surface of the heart face?

A

right thoratic wall

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86
Q

What is visible on the heart from the right side?

A

right atrium, a large part of the right ventricle and a part of the left ventricle

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87
Q

What do the grooves of the heart demarcate?

A

boundaries of the chambers of the heart

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88
Q

What is found in the grooves of the heart?

A

coronory arteries and veins and fat

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89
Q

The coronary groove demarcates _______ except at the _______.

A

ventricles from the atria, conus arteriosus

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90
Q

Where is the conus arteriosus of the heart?

A

cranio-dorsal part of the right ventricle

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91
Q

What does the conus arteriosus give rise to?

A

pulmonary trunk/artery

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92
Q

What marks the partition between the left and right ventricles?

A

Interventricular grooves

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93
Q

What do the interventricular grooves coincide with?

A

interventricular septum internally

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94
Q

What lies parallel to the conus arteriosus on the left?

A

paraconal interventricular groove

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95
Q

What covers the paraconal interventricular groove at its origin?

A

left auricle

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96
Q

T/F The paraconal interventricular groove reaches the apex

A

False

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97
Q

What groove lies below the large coronary sinus and what side does this occur?

A

subsinusoidal interventricular groove (sig)

right

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98
Q

Where is the large cornonary sinus?

A

it runs in the coronory groove on the right side

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99
Q

What is contained within the large coronary sinus?

A

The great cardiac vein

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100
Q

What is the function of the atria in the heart?

A

Receive Blood

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101
Q

The ventricles _____ blood.

A

pump

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102
Q

What seperates the atria and ventricles?

A

inter-atrial septum

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103
Q

T/F the left atrium and left ventricle contract at the same time

A

False, the left and right atra and left and right ventricles contract and relax at the same time.

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104
Q

What is a systole?

A

when ventricles contract, higher barometer readiing means higher ventricular pressure

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105
Q

diastole

A

Ventricles relax-low ventricular pressure on barometer

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106
Q

What surrounds both atria?

A

Greater blood vessels

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107
Q

Where is the coronary groove interrupted at?

A

conus arteriosus

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108
Q

What landmark allows the atria and ventricles to communicate with eachother on the same side?

A

atrio-ventricular ostium

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109
Q

Where is the right atrium located with respect to the right ventricle?

A

Dorsocranially

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110
Q

where does the right atrium receive blood from?

A

cranial vena cavae and caudal vena cavae and the heart via the coronary sinus and sometimes the azygos vein

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111
Q

Where is the coronary sinus of the heart and what opens into it?

A

Below the opening of the caudal vena cava in the right atrium

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112
Q

Where does azygos normally open into?

A

caudal vena cava but sometimes into the right atrium directly (more likely in cats)

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113
Q

What does the right atrium consist of?

A

main chamber
sinus venarum cavarum
auricle

114
Q

What side is the auricle visible from?

A

the left

115
Q

What is the intervenous tubercle/crest?

A

transverse bridge that diverts blood from the veins toward the right ventricle

116
Q

Where is the intervenous tubercle/crest of the heart located?

A

proximal to the sinus venarum cavarum between the two openings of the vena cava

117
Q

What is located caudomedial to the intervenous tubercle/crest of the heart?

A

fossa ovalis

118
Q

What does the foramen ovale become at birth?

A

It closes to become the fossa ovalis

119
Q

What is just ventral to the caudal vena cava?

A

the coronary sinus

120
Q

What does the coronary sinus serve as an opening for?

A

The great cardiac vein

121
Q

What does the coronary sinus open into?

A

the right atrium

122
Q

What is the right auricle?

A

an ear shaped extension of the right atrium

123
Q

Where is the right auricle on the heart in relation to the atrium?

A

cranioventral to the atrium and to the left

124
Q

The apex of the right auricle is ______ to the ________ trunk

A

cranial, pulmonary

125
Q

Internally what is the wall of the right auricle supported by?

A

the pectinate muscles

126
Q

What is the proposed function of the pectinate muscles of the heart?

A

Prevent turbulance by providing a rough surface to the atrium

127
Q

Where are the pectinate muscles of the heart found?

A

internally and along the lateral wall of the right atrium.

128
Q

Crista terminalis is _______

A

A thick ridge of cardiac muscle

129
Q

Crista termanalis is located _______

A

between the entrance of the cranial vena cava and the right atrio-ventricular orfice

130
Q

what does crista terminalis demarcate?

A

The sinus venarum cavarum from the auricle

131
Q

The sulcus terminalis corresponds to ______ externally.

A

crista terminalis

132
Q

The sucus terminalis of the heart demarcates ____ from ______.

A

cranial vena cava, auricle

133
Q

Where is the left atrium located?

A

dorsocranial to the left ventricle

134
Q

The left atrium receives ______blood from the _______ via ______.

A

oxygenated, lungs, pulmonary veins

135
Q

Where do pulmonary veins open into and how many?

A

5-6 open into the left artrium

136
Q

The caudal most pulmonary veins are from where?

A

The caudal lobes of the lungs and are larger than the rest

137
Q

What does the left atrium consist of?

A

The main chamber, cul de sac, left auricle

138
Q

On the heart, where is the left auricle located?

A

caudal to the conus arteriosus and the pulmonary trunk

139
Q

what seperates the right and left auricle?

A

conus arteriosus and pulmonary trunk

140
Q

What is different about the pectinate muscles in the left atrium?

A

They are absent on the lateral wall of the left atrium.

141
Q

What is absent in the left atrium that is not in the right atrium?

A

Intervenous tubercle and crista terminalis, pectinate muscles on the lateral/parietal wall

142
Q

the valve of the foramen ovale may be found where?

A

the septal wall of the left atrium at the same level of the fossa ovalis on the right.

143
Q

Where is the right ventricle located?

A

ventrocranial aspect of the heart

144
Q

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

A

systemic blood from the right atrium

145
Q

Where does the blood go from the right ventricle?

A

The blood is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation

146
Q

The right atrium extends from the ___________ to the _______, cranially and _________ ventro______ to the ______ dorsally.

A

subsinusoidal interventricular groove, coronary arteriosus, paraconal interventricular groove ventrolaterally, coronary groove.

147
Q

What is the structure called that the blood from the right atrium enters the right ventricle?

A

right atrioventricular ostium

148
Q

Where is the right atrioventricular ostium located?

A

Between the cusps of the right atrioventricular valve.

149
Q

From what structure does the blood reach the lungs from the right ventricle?

A

pulmonary trunk

150
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk correspond to externally?

A

The conus arteriosus

151
Q

Where does the supraventricular crest lie?

A

right atrioventricular valve and the pulmonary trunk ostium

152
Q

What are the structures inside the right ventricle called?

A

trabeculae carnae

153
Q

What is located on the septal wall of the right ventricle?

A

papillary muscles

154
Q

How many papillary muscles are in the right ventricle?

A

4

155
Q

What arises from the papillary muscles of the right ventricle?

A

fibromuscular cords called chordae tendineae

156
Q

What is the function of the chordae tendinae?

A

They attach the cusps to the septal wall to prevent eversion of the valves

157
Q

In the right ventricle, which fibromuscular cords attach the septal wall to the outer wall

A

Septomarginal trabeculae

158
Q

What is the function of septomarginal trabeculae?

A

conduct impulses directly to the papillary muscles in advance to activate the cusps through the cordae tendinae to close the valve just before ventricular systole

159
Q

where is the left ventricle located?

A

ventrocaudal aspect of the heart

160
Q

T/F the left ventricle does not extend into the apex

A

F-it does

161
Q

T/F the left ventricle receives oxygenated blood

A

T

162
Q

Where does the left ventricle receive blood from?

A

the lungs through the left atrium

163
Q

How does oxygenated blood move from the left ventricle to the body?

A

branches of the aorta

164
Q

What part of the heart forms the apex?

A

Left ventricle

165
Q

The left ventricle extends from the______on the left and _____ on the right and dorsally from the _______ to the ________.

A

paraconal interventricular groove (PIG), Subsinuoidal interventricular groove (SIG), coronary groove,apex

166
Q

The wall of the left ventricle is _____ ______ than the right.

A

3-4 times thicker

167
Q

Where does the blood from the left atrium enter the left ventricle?

A

large left atrioventricular ostium

168
Q

What is the left atrioventricular ostium guarded by?

A

The cusps of the left atrioventricular valve

169
Q

What does the blood from the left ventricle exit from and into?

A

aortic ostium into the aorta to the body or the heart

170
Q

What arises from the outer wall or close to the interventricular septa of the left ventricle?

A

Two large papillary muscles (subauricular, subatrial)

171
Q

T/F the papillary muscles of the heart carry conduction fibers

A

True

172
Q

Which heart chamber has the stronger chordae tendinae?

A

Left ventricle because ventricular systole pressure is greater than the right

173
Q

Where does the membranepus part of the interventricular septum extend to?

A

Beneath the septal cusp of the atrioventricular valve

174
Q

what part of the heart is closed last during embryonic development?

A

membraneous part of the interventricular septum

175
Q

what defects may occur in the membraneous part of the interventricular septum in dogs?

A

persistant interventricular connections or septal defects

176
Q

What are the muscular ridges on the interventricular septum called?

A

trabeculae carneae (more prominant then on the rt. ventricle)

177
Q

Which lung is larger?

A

Right

178
Q

Wich groove is circumferential?

A

corony groove

179
Q

The coronary groove circles the base of the heart except __________

A

at the conus arteriosis

180
Q

what is contained in the coronory groove?

A

the corotid artery

181
Q

What is parallel to the paraconal interventriculkar groove?

A

conus arteriosus

182
Q

What is the function of the atrioventricular valves?

A

Intake valves to the ventricles and Prevent backflow into the atrium during the systolic phase

183
Q

What guards the atrioventricular valves?

A

cusps

184
Q

On the atrioventricular valves what are the basal border of the cusps attached to?

A

the fibrous rings known as the cardiac skeleton

185
Q

What part of the cusps of the atrioventricular valves are attached to the chordae tendinae?

A

The ventral free portion

186
Q

How many cusps does the left atrioventricular valve have?

A

2 (septal and marginal) called the bicuspid valve

187
Q

Which valve is the bicuspid valve?

A

The left atrioventricular valve

188
Q

Which valve is the tricuspid valve?

A

The right atrioventricular valve (3rd cusp is not well developed in all breeds)

189
Q

What is the origin of the aorta called?

A

Aortic valve

190
Q

The aortic valve is located ______ at the ______ of the heart and is _____ to the ______cusp of the ______ atrioventricular valve.

A

The aortic valve is located almost center at the base of the heart and is medial to the septal cusp of the left atrioventricular valve.

191
Q

How many cusps does the bulb of the aorta contain?

A

3

192
Q

Where are the aortic sinuses located?

A

between the wall of the aorta and the cusps

193
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

Two of the 3 aortic sinuses

194
Q

What do the aortic cusps do?

A

prevent backflow of blood into the left ventricle after the systolic phase.

195
Q

How are the aortic cusps secured to the cardiac skeleton?

A

fibrous trigones

196
Q

Where does the pulmonary trunk arise from?

A

craniodorsal aspect of the right ventricle

197
Q

What is a prominent feature on the craniodorsal aspect of the right ventricle?

A

the conus arteriosus

198
Q

T/F blood vessels arise from the pulmonary sinuses

A

F

199
Q

how many cusps can be found on the pulmonary valve and sinuses?

A

3

200
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton consist of?

A

fibrous rings with hyaline cartilage in some

201
Q

where is the cardiac skeleton located?

A

At the base of the heart

202
Q

What are the functions of the fibrous rings of the cardiac skeleton?

A

cardiac muscle and cusps attachment

203
Q

What do the fibrous rings of the cardiac skeleton seperate?

A

The thin atrial musclature and thick ventricular musculature

204
Q

why is it important to separate the thin and thick musculature of the of the atria and ventricles

A

so there is an independent conduction cycle and for electrical insulation

205
Q

what regulates the contraction cycle of the heart?

A

Autonomic and special conduction fibers

206
Q

Where does the fibrous trigone develop?

A

In between the aortic ring and atrioventricular rings.

207
Q

T/F the fibrous trigone has hyaline cartilage

A

Sometimes

208
Q

What is the ossification of the fibrous trigone called in ruminants?

A

Os cardis

209
Q

Where do cardiac cells connect at?

A

intercalated discs with a specialized junction for conducting electrical impulses.

210
Q

What do pacemaker cells do?

A

Can generate a spontaneous action potential and determine the rate of cardiac beat, (independent of nervous system)

211
Q

What is another name for a pacemaker cell?

A

purkinje cells

212
Q

where are the pacemaker cells located in the heart?

A

sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes

213
Q

The electrical impulses generated at _____ are propagated via the _________ _________.

A

The electrical impulses generated at nodes are propagated via the atrioventricular bundle..

214
Q

What is the function of the atrial myocardial syncytium and james internodal tract?

A

conduct electrical impulses that are generated in the sinoatrial node and move to the atrioventricular node.

215
Q

What part of the heart conducts electrical impulse to the ventricles?

A

In the His bundle of the atriaventricular node

216
Q

What does the atriventricular bundle pass through?

A

the interventricular septum and then divides into left and right branches to supply th left and right ventricle

217
Q

Where does each branch of the atrioventricular bundle course towards?

A

base of each ventricle following the outer wall

218
Q

As each branch of the atriventricular bundle of the heart passes through the interventricular septum what structure do the additonal branches pass through and then supply blood to?

A

they pass through the trabeculae septomarginals to the papillary muscles and the outer wall of each ventricle

219
Q

To auscultate the aortic valve which side would you listen to and where do you draw the horizontal line from?

A

On the left side you draw a horizontal parallel line to the sternum from the level of the shoulder joint that intersects the 4th intercostal space.

220
Q

What can you aucultate on the right side?

A

Atrioventricular valve

221
Q

At the level of the ________ __________ you can auscultate the left and right atrioventricular valve, and pulmonary valve.

A

Costochondral joint

222
Q

What side and what intercostal space do you auscultate the right atrioventricular valve?

A

right side and 4th intercostal space. (between ribs 3 and 4)

223
Q

What side and what intercostal space do you aulcultate the pulmonary valve?

A

Left side and the 3rd intercostal space (between ribs 2 and 3)

224
Q

Which side and what intercostal space landmarks the left atrioventricular valve?

A

Left side and 5th intercostal space (ribs 4 and 5)

225
Q

What 3 to 4 veins empty into the right atrium?

A

crainal and caudal vena cavae, azygos (some), and the great cardiac vein

226
Q

What does the right atrium contract to open?

A

the right atrio-ventricular valve

227
Q

Where does blood flow after the right atrio-ventricular valve opens?

A

The right ventricle

228
Q

When blood flows into the right ventricle and it contracts what closes the right atrio-ventricular ostium?

A

The tricuspid valve

229
Q

After the right atrio-ventricular valve closes what opens to allow blood to flow into the lungs and what does that blood flow through?

A

the pulmonary valve and the pulmonary trunk

230
Q

After blood is oxygenated in the lungs where does it flow into and it is brought by what?

A

left atrium via pulmonary veins

231
Q

Once the left atrium contracts after filling what opens?

A

The left atrio-ventricular valve and blood flows into the left ventricle

232
Q

What closes the left atrio-ventricular ostium after the left ventricle fills?

A

the bicuspid valve which then opens the aortic valves

233
Q

Where does oxygenated blood flow after leaving the heart?

A

aorta

234
Q

where does the aorta arise from?

A

left ventricle

235
Q

In the thoracic cavity, what lines the body walls?

A

parietal pleura

236
Q

What membrane covers the lungs?

A

visceral pleura

237
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

A fibrous septum that divides the thoracic cavity

238
Q

What structures are covered by the mediastinal pleura?

A

Thymus, heart, aorta, esophagus

239
Q

What connects the caudal vena cava to the mediastnum?

A

plica vena cava

240
Q

Where does the aorta arise from?

A

Left ventricle

241
Q

Where does the aorta course?

A

cranially, dorsally and then caudally

242
Q

The cranial portion of the aorta is called what?

A

ascending aorta

243
Q

After the aortic arch, what is the aorta called?

A

The thoracic or descending aorta

244
Q

Where is the thoracic aorta located in reference to the esophagus?

A

dorsal

245
Q

What lies ventrolateral to the thoracic aorta?

A

Bodies of the vertebrae

246
Q

Where is the thoracic aorta in relation to the median plane?

A

Slightly towards the left

247
Q

What structure does the thoracic aorta pass through to leave the thoracic cavity?

A

aortic hiatus of the diaphram.

248
Q

What is the aorta called from the base of the heart (aortic arch included) to the diaphram?

A

Thoracic aorta

249
Q

The thoracic aorta and aortic arch gives off what branches?

A

Coronary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, the left subclavian artery,

250
Q

T/F cornory arteries are paired

A

True

251
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from??

A

within the aoric before the aorta leaves the base of the heart

252
Q

T/F the coronary ateries supply the heart and pericardium

A

False,The coronary arteries supply only the heart musculature

253
Q

T/F A vein runs with the coronary arteries

A

True

254
Q

T/F The course of the l and R coronary arteries is the same

A

False

255
Q

The left coronary artery arises from _____

A

The left aortic sinus in the base of the heart

256
Q

What does the left coronary artery divide into?

A

Circumflex artery, a deep septal branch and paraconal interventricular artey

257
Q

Where does the circumflex artery live?

A

The coronary groove of the heart.

258
Q

Where does the circumflex artery give branches off to?

A

The left atrium and auricle

259
Q

The wall of the left ventricle is supplied by _________.

A

descending branches of the circumflex artery

260
Q

Where does the circumflex artery of the left coronary artery terminate?

A

as the subsinuodal interventricular artery

261
Q

What is the left marginal branch or the circumflex artery of the left coronary artery adjacent to?

A

Subsinusoidal interventricular artery on the right

262
Q

The paraconal interventricular artery is a branch of _______ and supplies ________

A

the left coronary artery, both ventricles

263
Q

The paraconal interventricular artery reaches where?

A

To the apex of the heart

264
Q

The paraconal interventricular artery terminates where?

A

After passing the ventral border of the right ventricle.

265
Q

where does the right coronary artery arise from?

A

Right aortic sinus of the heart

266
Q

T/F the right coronary artery supplies more area then the left?

A

False it is the left

267
Q

Where is the right coronary artery located?

A

In the coronary groove of the heart with the vein

268
Q

Where does the right coronary artery give off branches to?

A

Right Atrium and right auricle

269
Q

The descending branches of the right coronary artery supply_______

A

wall of the right ventricle

270
Q

T/F, the terminal branches of the right cornary artery anastomose with the circumflex artery

A

False

271
Q

What is the implicatrion that the coronary artery branches do not anastomose?

A

If they are blocked they have no alternate route.

272
Q

First branch of the aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

273
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk course?

A

Slightly to the right under the trachae

274
Q

What mediastinum does the brachiocephalic trunk course?

A

cranial

275
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk give off?

A

left and right common carotidarteries and right subclavian

276
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery arise from?

A

aortic arch

277
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery course?

A

dorsolateral

278
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery coarse to?

A

the esophagus

279
Q

What arteries supply the head and neck?

A

Two common carotid arteries

280
Q

Where do the left and right common carotid arteries coarse?

A

dorsolateral aspect of the trachea with the vagosympathetic trunk

BMS 330 (3 decks)

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