Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is a syncope?
Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall of blood pressure
What is hypovolemia?
A decreased blood volume circulating around the body
What is Tachycardia?
Heart rate higher than 100
Define pre load?
Amount ventricles are stretched by containing blood before contraction
Define tamponade
Compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac
Define hyper/hypo kalaemia
High/low levels of potassium in the bloodstream
Define Ischaemia
An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscle
Define Afterload
The pressure exerted by the blood in the wall of the left ventricle during ejection
Define bradycardia
Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute
Define Asystole
When the heart ceases to beat
Describe the two shockable rhythms
VT- ventricular tachycardia
VF- ventricular fibrillation
Describe the two non shockable rhythms
PEA - pulse less electrical activity
Asystole- flat line
Name the layers of the heart from inner layer to outer layer
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive
Define infarction
Obstruction of the blood supply to a tissue or organ
Define diastole
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscles relax
How do you work out cardiac volume?
Heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output
How do you work out the minimum urine output?
Minimum urine output 0.5ml/Kg/hour
How do you calculate a heart rate from a ECG?
300 (divided) number of large a
Squares between consecutive QRS = HR
Define systolic blood pressure
The highest arterial blood pressure of a cardiac cycle
Define diastolic
Minimum arterial pressure during relaxation
How do you work our pulse pressure?
Systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure
Name the three types of acute coronary syndrome
Angina
NSTEMI
STEMI
What is troponin?
An enzyme that helps with the contraction of cardiac cells
What is an inotrope?
A drug that makes your heart beat with more force
What are the 4 H’s and T’s?
Hypoxia, Hypovolemia, Hydrogen ions (acidosis) and Hyper/hypokalemia
Toxins, Tamponade, Tension pneumothorax, Thrombosis
Name a policy to reference
Resuscitation council UK
What are the routine drugs for MI?
Analgesia- morphine
Antiemetic
Adrenaline
Anti-platelet*
