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Critical Care Exam > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a syncope?

A

Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall of blood pressure

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2
Q

What is hypovolemia?

A

A decreased blood volume circulating around the body

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3
Q

What is Tachycardia?

A

Heart rate higher than 100

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4
Q

Define pre load?

A

Amount ventricles are stretched by containing blood before contraction

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5
Q

Define tamponade

A

Compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

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6
Q

Define hyper/hypo kalaemia

A

High/low levels of potassium in the bloodstream

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7
Q

Define Ischaemia

A

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscle

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8
Q

Define Afterload

A

The pressure exerted by the blood in the wall of the left ventricle during ejection

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9
Q

Define bradycardia

A

Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute

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10
Q

Define Asystole

A

When the heart ceases to beat

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11
Q

Describe the two shockable rhythms

A

VT- ventricular tachycardia

VF- ventricular fibrillation

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12
Q

Describe the two non shockable rhythms

A

PEA - pulse less electrical activity

Asystole- flat line

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13
Q

Name the layers of the heart from inner layer to outer layer

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium

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14
Q

What does AVPU stand for?

A

Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive

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15
Q

Define infarction

A

Obstruction of the blood supply to a tissue or organ

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16
Q

Define diastole

A

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscles relax

17
Q

How do you work out cardiac volume?

A

Heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output

18
Q

How do you work out the minimum urine output?

A

Minimum urine output 0.5ml/Kg/hour

19
Q

How do you calculate a heart rate from a ECG?

A

300 (divided) number of large a

Squares between consecutive QRS = HR

20
Q

Define systolic blood pressure

A

The highest arterial blood pressure of a cardiac cycle

21
Q

Define diastolic

A

Minimum arterial pressure during relaxation

22
Q

How do you work our pulse pressure?

A

Systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure

23
Q

Name the three types of acute coronary syndrome

A

Angina
NSTEMI
STEMI

24
Q

What is troponin?

A

An enzyme that helps with the contraction of cardiac cells

25
Q

What is an inotrope?

A

A drug that makes your heart beat with more force

26
Q

What are the 4 H’s and T’s?

A

Hypoxia, Hypovolemia, Hydrogen ions (acidosis) and Hyper/hypokalemia

Toxins, Tamponade, Tension pneumothorax, Thrombosis

27
Q

Name a policy to reference

A

Resuscitation council UK

28
Q

What are the routine drugs for MI?

A

Analgesia- morphine
Antiemetic
Adrenaline
Anti-platelet*

Critical Care Exam (7 decks)

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