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A&P 2 > Cardiovascular System 2 - Mod. 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System 2 - Mod. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which arteries supply a large proportion of the head and neck with blood?

A

The right and left common carotid arteries.

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2
Q

Where does the left common carotid artery originate?

A

It emerges from the arch of the aorta.

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3
Q

Where does the right common carotid artery originate?

A

It emerges from the right subclavian artery.

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4
Q

What do the common carotid arteries divide into?

A

They divide into the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.

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5
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

It supplies the brain and eye.

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6
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery? (3)

A
  • Ophthalmic artery
  • Anterior cerebral artery
  • Middle cerebral artery
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7
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply?

A

It supplies the face and scalp.

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8
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery? (6)

A
  • Facial artery
  • Lingual artery
  • Maxillary artery
  • Occipital artery
  • Superficial temporal artery
  • Superior thyroid artery
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9
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries originate?

A

They are the first branch of the subclavian artery on both sides of the body.

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10
Q

What do the vertebral arteries supply?

A

They supply the cervical vertebrae, cerebellum, and spinal cord.

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11
Q

How do the vertebral arteries reach the brain?

A

They pass through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) and enter the skull via the foramen magnum.

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12
Q

What arteries form the circle of willis?

A

The branches of the internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries.

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13
Q

Where is the circle of willis located?

A

Around the pituitary gland and optic chiasm at the base of the brain.

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14
Q

What is the function of the circle of willis?

A

It provides an alternative route for blood flow if one artery supplying the brain becomes blocked or damaged.
This is a vital part of the brains circulation system.

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15
Q

What veins drain blood from the head and neck?

A

The internal and external jugular veins.

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16
Q

What do the internal and external jugular veins drain into?

A

They drain into the subclavian veins.

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17
Q

What is the function of the jugular and subclavian veins?

A

They are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the head and neck back to the heart.

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18
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses?

A

Multiple channels within the cranial cavity, located between the two layers of the dura mater.

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19
Q

What is the main function of the dural sinuses?

A

They represent the main pathway for returning venous blood from the brain into the circulation via the internal jugular vein.

20
Q

What arteries supply blood to the upper limbs?

A

The branches of the subclavian arteries.

21
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery originate?

A

It arises directly from the arch of the aorta.

22
Q

Where does the right subclavian artery originate?

A

It arises from the brachiocephalic trunk/artery.

23
Q

How are the axillary arteries formed?

A

They are formed once the subclavian arteries pass over the lateral border of the first rib.

24
Q

How are the brachial arteries formed?

A

They are formed once the axillary arteries pass through the axilla

25
Q

What do the axillary arteries supply?

A

They give off branches to the shoulder joint.

26
Q

What do the brachial arteries supply?

A

They supply the flexors of the arm.

27
Q

What do the brachial arteries divide into and where do they divide?

A

They divide in front of the elbow to become the radial and ulnar arteries.

28
Q

Where does the ulnar artery travel, and what does it form?

A

It travels along the medial side of the arm to the wrist and forms the superficial palmar arch.

29
Q

Where does the radial artery travel, and what does it form?

A

It travels along the radial (lateral) side of the arm to the wrist and forms the deep palmar arch.

30
Q

What supplies blood to the hand?

A

The ulnar and radial arteries supply blood to the hand through the superficial and deep palmar arches.

31
Q

Where does the basilic vein become deep?

A

It becomes deep around the mid-arm.

32
Q

Where does the cephalic vein become deep?

A

It becomes deep around the upper forearm, in the deltopectoral groove.

33
Q

What vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow?

A

The median cubital vein.

34
Q

What are the three main superficial veins of the upper limb?

A

The cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins.

35
Q

What arteries does the blood supply to the lower limbs originate?

A

The common iliac arteries, which are a direct continuation of the descending abdominal aorta.

36
Q

What do the common iliac arteries divide into?

A

The internal iliac artery and the external iliac artery.

37
Q

What areas do the internal iliac arteries supply?

A

The gluteal region, the pelvic muscles, and the external genitalia.

38
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery? (2)

A
  • Anterior trunk
  • Posterior trunk
39
Q

What do the external iliac arteries supply?

A

The entire lower limb.

40
Q

How is the femoral artery formed?

A

It is formed when the external iliac artery passes under the inguinal ligament.

41
Q

What is the function of the femoral artery?

A

It is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the lower body.

42
Q

How is the popliteal artery formed?

A

It is formed when the femoral artery descends through the thigh and enters the knee.

43
Q

What arteries supply blood to the foot?

A

The anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

44
Q

What is the function of the long (great) saphenous vein?

A

It receives blood from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch in the foot and drains into the femoral vein.

45
Q

Where does the long (great) saphenous vein ascend?

A

It ascends the medial aspect of the leg and thigh superficially to the femoral triangle.

46
Q

What is the function of the short (small) saphenous vein?

A

It receives blood from the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch in the foot and drains into the popliteal vein.

47
Q
A

A&P 2 (4 decks)

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