cardiovascular system Flashcards
function of blood
- Transportation – nutrients, oxygen, hormones, wastes
- Regulation – temperature, pH, water composition
- Protection – immunity, inflammation, clotting
types of blood cells
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- White blood cells (leukocytes)
- Platelets (thrombocytes)
types of white blood cells
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes
function of arteries
- Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
function of veins
- Carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart
the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood towards the heart
what are capillaries
- They are simple (endothelial) tubes which connect the arterioles to the venules
wall thickness of veins, arteries and capillaries
Artery – thick muscular walls
Vein – thin, less muscular walls
Capillaries – extremely thin, and are generally only one cell in diameter
Names of the walls in arteries, veins and capillaries
arteries and veins
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica externa
capillaries
Composed of a single layer of endothelial cells. Contains tunica intima.
What is the difference between the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation?
Pulmonary circulation – the right side which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs so that it can become oxygenated.
Systemic circulation – the left side which pumps the freshly oxygenated blood to the remainder of the body so it can deliver oxygen and nutrients.
elasticity of arteries, veins and capillaries
arteries - very
veins- some elasticity
capillaries - minimal elasticity
Diameter of lumen
(Wide, narrow, very narrow) of arteries, veins and capillaries
arteries - narrow
veins- wide
capillaries - very narrow
Explain the term, ‘formed elements’
The formed elements are cells and cell fragments suspended in the plasma.
Define granulocyte and agranulocyte
- Granulocytes are those white blood cells that contain granules in them. Examples include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils.
- Agranulocytes have no granules. Some examples are monocytes and lymphocytes.
function erythrocyte - (Red blood cell (RBC)
Carry oxygen using haemoglobin
function of Eosinophils
Involved in allergic reaction, have a role in inflammation
function of Lymphocytes
Produce antibodies, fight viruses (B and T cells).
function of Monocytes
Become macrophages, digest pathogens and debris
function of Thrombocytes - (Platelets)
Helps with blood clotting
function of lymphatic system
The lymphatic system maintains fluid balance, fights infections, and transports fats.
It collects and filters excess tissue fluid, returning it to the bloodstream, and supports immunity.
function of lymph nodes
filter the lymphatic fluid
High concentration areas of lymphatic vessels:
Axilla (armpit) and groin
Around glandular tissue
