Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Oxygenated blood
Blood saturated with oxygen and nutrients such as glucose
Deoxygenated blood
Blood depleted of oxygen saturated with carbon dioxide and waste products
Myogenic
The capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, cause cardiac muscle to contract
Cardiac output
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute HR x SV=Q
Heart rate
The number of times the heart beats per minute
Stroke volume
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat
Systole
The contraction phase of cardiac muscle where the blood is forcibly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery
Diastole
The relaxation phase of cardiac muscle where the chambers fill with blood
Cardiac systole
Contraction phase of the heart
Cardiac diastole
Relaxation phase of the heart
What is the SV for a trained and untrained individual
100-110ml trained
50-70ml untrained
Avg 70ml
HR from trained and untrained individuals
50-60bpm trained
70-80bpm untrained
Avg 72bpm
How do you work out maximum HR
Maximum HR= 220 - age
5 methods of venous return
Pocket valves
Smooth muscle
Gravity
Respiratory muscle pump
Skeletal muscle pump
Vasodilation
Arterioles dilate which increase blood flow through capillary beds
Vasoconstriction
Constriction of arterioles which decrease blood flow through capillary beds
What does CCC stand for
Cardiac control centre (receives info from medulla oblongata)
What does ANS stand for
Autonomic nervous system (determines HR by changing SA nodes firing rate)
What are the 3 types of control mechanisms
Neural control
Intrinsic control
Hormonal control
What are the three receptors that make up neural control
Chemoreceptors
Proprioceptors
Baroreceptors
What is intrinsic control made up of
Thermoreceptors
What is hormonal control made up of
Adrenaline
What do chemoreceptors detect
Detect chemical change in the blood stream
Eg CO2 and lactic acid increase
What do proprioreceptors detect
In the muscles tendons and joints and detect motor activity
Eg activity
What do baroreceptors detect
In blood vessel walls and inform CCC of increased blood pressure
What do thermoreceptors detect
Detect increase in blood temperature and inform CCc
