Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What are the parts of the circulatory system

Answer 1

Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels

Question 2

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

-Blood
o Carries food, oxygen, and other substances to the
cells throughout the body so they can live and function
o Helps with injuries and healing
o Removes waste products from cells
o (and blood vessels) Regulates body temperature
o Produces and carries cells that defend the body from
disease-causing organisms (remember the lymphatic
system!)

Question 3

What are the 4 chambers of the heart

Answer 3

• Atria (atrium): receive blood
• Right atrium receives blood from body tissues
• Left atrium receives blood from lungs
• Ventricles: pump blood out of the heart
• Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs
• Left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body
  Valves: located between atria and ventricles – allow blood to
  flow in only one direction

Question 4

What is blood pressure

Answer 4

• Measures how much force is exerted by the blood against the artery’s walls
• Systolic (SBP): when the ventricles contract
• Diastolic (DBP): when the ventricles relax
• Recorded as SBP/DBP (i.e. 120-70)

Question 5

What are the blood cells

Answer 5

• Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• Hemoglobin: picks up and releases oxygen
• When blood is bright red: hemoglobin is filled
  with oxygen
• When blood is bluish-red: hemoglobin has
  released oxygen to tissues
• White blood cells (leukocytes):
• protect body against infection
• Platelets
• Necessary for blood clotting

Question 6

What are the blood vessels

Answer 6

Arteries: carry blood away from the
heart
- Branch into arterioles →
capillaries
Veins: return blood to the heart
- Empty dark bluish-red blood from
the body into the right atrium

Question 7

what should we observe as HCA for the cardiovascular

Answer 7

Skin color
Skin temperature
Pulse
Blood pressure (check scope with agency)
Oxygen saturation (check scope with agency)

Question 8

What are the two main veins

Answer 8

• Inferior Vena Cava – carries blood from
  trunk and legs
• Superior Vena Cava – carries blood from
  the head and arms
• Venous blood is dark red – little O2 and lost of CO2

Question 9

what are some changes to the cardiovascular system with aging

Answer 9

• Weakened cardiac muscle
• Arteries become narrow and
  become less elastic → causes
  heart to work harder; may
  result in higher BP
• Potentially a decrease in
  blood volume

Question 10

What is phlebitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the vein
s/s are redness and warmth to area, pain, burning and swelling

Question 11

what is thrombus

Answer 11

blood clot that form in a blood vessel

• Can decrease or completely stop blood flow in a blood vessel
• Prevention: stay active; leg exercises if bed bound

Question 12

what is Arrhythmias

Answer 12

abnormal heart rhythms

• Heartbeats either skipped or extra beats occur
• Severity varies
• TX: pacemaker

Question 13

what is Ischemia

Answer 13

decrease in
blood supply to an area

Question 14

What is coronary artery disease

Answer 14

• Atherosclerosis → coronary arteries narrowed or blocked
• Less O2 and nutrients to heart muscle
• Leads to angina pectoris and/or myocardial infarct
• Risk factors:
• Lifestyle factors
• HTN; high cholesterol
• Age
• Gender
• Family history

Question 15

what is congestive heart failure (chf)

Answer 15

• Heart does not pump efficiently →
  blood backs up → tissues become
  congested with fluid
• May be right or left sided heart
  failure or eventually it can be both

Question 16

your role for clients with chf?

Answer 16

Positioning for ease of breathing
Follow diet plan
Measure in and outs; daily weights
Balance activity and rest
Encourage no smoking/alcohol
Delegated tasks:
* - compression stockings
* - assist with medications
* - assist with oxygen
* - monitor for DVT or blood clots

Question 17

effects of immobility to the cardiovascular system

Answer 17

Heart must work harder
-Less efficient
-Vessels narrower and less elastic
-Blood return to heart not as efficient (effects
of pooling)
- Pooling may lead to thrombus formation

Question 18

what is the right side heart function and left side heart function

Answer 18

• Right side of heart receives blood
  from tissues and pumps it into the
  lungs to get oxygen
• Left side of heart receives blood
  from the lungs and pumps it to the
  rest of the body