Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Hypertension occurs at which level of the arteries

Answer 1

Arterioles

Question 2

What are the three concentric layers of blood vessel

Answer 2

1)Tunica intima
2)Tunica media
3).Tunica externa/adventitia

Question 3

What lines the blood vessel

Answer 3

Endothelium/endothelal cells

Question 4

Hypertension accelerates atherogenesis (TRUE OR FALSE)

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

How many types of risk factors of atherosclerosis do we have ?

Answer 5

1.modifiable
2. Non modifiable also known as constitutional

Question 6

List the 8 steps seen in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Answer 6

1. Hyperlipidemia,hypertension and genetic abnormalities causes endothelial injury and dysfunction
   2.This would lead to the accumulation of lipoproteins (LDL and oxidized LDL) in the walls of the vessels
   3.oxidized LDL which attracts monocytes

Question 7

List the 8 steps seen in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Answer 7

1. Hyperlipidemia,hypertension and genetic abnormalities causes endothelial injury and dysfunction
   2.This would lead to the accumulation of lipoproteins (LDL and oxidized LDL) in the walls of the vessels
   3.oxidized LDL which attracts monocytes

Question 8

List the 8 steps seen in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Answer 8

1. Hyperlipidemia,hypertension and genetic abnormalities causes endothelial injury and dysfunction
   2.This would lead to the accumulation of lipoproteins (LDL and oxidized LDL) in the walls of the vessels
   3.oxidized LDL which attracts monocytes

Question 9

Monckenberg medial sclerosis

Answer 9

Calcification of the medial wall of the muscular arteries

Question 10

Other types of calcification do we have

Answer 10

1.dystrophic classification
2.metastatic classification
3.metaplastic classification

Question 11

Two common pathogenomic mechanism of vasculitis

Answer 11

1.immune mediated inflammation of the vessels
2.direct invasion of the vessel wall with infectious pathogens

Question 12

Other causes of vasculitis (3)

Answer 12

Physical and chemical injury from
1)irradiation
2)mechanical stress
3)toxins

Question 13

Large vessel vasculitis (examples)

Answer 13

Giant cell arteritis
Takayasu arteritis

Question 14

Large vessel vasculitis (examples)

Answer 14

Giant cell arteritis
Takayasu arteritis

Question 15

Middle vessel vasculitis

Answer 15

Polyarteritis nodosa
Kawasaki disease

Question 16

Small vessel vasculitis

Answer 16

Microscopic polyangitis
Granulomatosis with polyangitis
Churg strauss syndrome