Cardiovascular system Flashcards
what is in the cardiovascular system
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- Blood
-Pulmonary circuit ( blood flow
between the heart and lungs )
-Systemic circuit – ( blood flow
between the heart and the body )
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
-To circulate blood
-Bring oxygen, water and nutrients to the cell.
-Take carbon dioxide and waste away from the cell
-Maintain body temp
-Fight disease
Roles of different heart structures: RIGHT VENTRICLE
Pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for oxygenation.
Roles of different heart structures: LEFT VENTRICLE
Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta, distributing it throughout the body. It has thick muscular walls to generate the high pressure needed for systemic circulation.
Roles of different heart structures: LEFT ATRIUM
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins and pumps it into the left ventricle.
Roles of different heart structures: RIGHT ATRIUM
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cavae and pumps it into the right ventricle.
Roles of different heart structures: HEART MUSCLE
The thick muscular tissue of the heart that contracts to pump blood. It is responsible for the heart’s pumping action and is vital for maintaining blood circulation.
Roles of different heart structures: PULMONARY VEIN
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. There are typically four pulmonary veins (two from each lung).
Roles of different heart structures: PULMONARY ARTERY
Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.
Roles of different heart structures:
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
Carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body back to the right atrium.
Roles of different heart structures:
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
Carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body back to the right atrium.
Roles of different heart structures: AORTA
The largest artery in the body, it carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
What is the difference between the right and left side of the heart
Right:
- De-oxygenated blood
- Right atrium & Right ventricle
- Function: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
- Lower pressure compared to the left side coz it only pumps blood to the lungs close by
Left:
- Oxygenated blood
- Left atrium & Left ventricle
- Function:Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
- High pressure as it needs to pump blood all over the body
What is the role of arteries, capillaries and veins
ARTERIES - carry blood away from the heart (red
in appearance)
CAPILLARIES – allow the exchange of gases,
nutrients & wastes between the blood and the
tissues.
VEINS – carry blood back to the heart. (blue in
appearance)
What is the role of blood in the human body?
Transport of gases, nutrients, wastes.
Fighting infection.
Regulation of temperature and hydration.
What is blood made up of and what are their roles?
55% of blood volume is PLASMA – a yellowy liquid containing
water ( 90% ) , wastes & hormones. It helps maintain blood pressure and volume.
45% of blood volume is the blood cells :
RED BLOOD CELLS – contain haemoglobin which carries the oxygen
WHITE BLOOD CELLS – fight infection
PLATELETS – responsible for blood clotting.
What is the difference between Stroke volume (SV) and Cardiac output (Q)?
Stroke volume (SV): the amount of blood pumped by each beat of the heart. As an individual gets fitter, SV increases from approx 70ml/beat to 100mL/beat.
Cardiac Output (Q): the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, measured in litres per minute (L/min).
Adult male= approx 5 L/min
Adult Female= 4 L/min
What is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure?
Systolic blood pressure:
Is the highest pressure, and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle contracts.
Diastolic blood pressure:
Is the lowest pressure, and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle relaxes.
BLOOD WILL ALWAYS FLOW FROM HIGH PRESSURE AREAS TO LOW PRESSURE
What are 3 immediate cardiovascular responses to exercise?
Increased heart rate ( beats per minute )
Increased stroke volume ( blood per beat )
Increased cardiac output ( HR X SV )
Increased systolic blood pressure ( diastolic remains fairly constant )
Decreased blood plasma ( due to sweating )
Increased blood flow to working muscles
Increased blood flow to lungs
Decreased blood flow to some organs ( digestion )
