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Semester 3 Biological Sciences 3 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

what structures does the cardiovascular system contain

A

heart, blood, and blood vessels

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2
Q

what is the function of the cardiovascular system

A

move blood throughout the body and deliver nutrients to cells and remove waste

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3
Q

what type of organ is the heart

A

muscular organ

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4
Q

what does blood leave the heart in

A

arteries

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5
Q

what does blood return to the heart in

A

veins

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6
Q

where does the right side of the heart pump oxygen poor blood into

A

pulmonary trunk for distribution in pulmonary circuit

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7
Q

when blood leaves the heart, it enters the lungs, picking up ______________ and losing ________________

A

oxygen
carbon dioxide

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8
Q

blood returns from the pulmonary circuit to the left side of the heart via the _________________

A

pulmonary veins

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9
Q

the left side of the heart pumps oxygen rich blood into the _____________ for distribution around the rest of the body in the systemic circuit

A

aorta

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10
Q

when blood leaves the left side of the heart, blood delivers ____________ to the rest of the body and picks up _______________

A

oxygen
carbon dioxide

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11
Q

when blood returns from the systemic circuit, what side of the heart does it go to

A

right

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12
Q

what brings blood to the right side of the heart after traveling the systemic circuit

A

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

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13
Q

blood pressure should be high in _______________ and low in _______________

A

arteries
veins

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14
Q

what supplies the heart at the base of the aorta

A

coronary arteries

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15
Q

what is the first part of the aorta that courses upwards

A

ascending aorta

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16
Q

what does the ascending aorta form

A

aortic arch

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17
Q

when the aortic arch courses downwards, what does it become

A

descending aorta

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18
Q

what do the branches of the aortic arch supply

A

head, neck, shoulders, and upper limbs

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19
Q

what does the common carotid supply

A

head, brain, and face

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20
Q

what does the subclavian artery supply

A

arms, chest walls, shoulders, back, and brain

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21
Q

when the subclavian artery leaves the thoracic cavity, what does it become

A

axillary artery

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22
Q

what does the axillary artery become

A

brachial artery

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23
Q

what does the brachial artery become

A

ulnar and radial arteries

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24
Q

what does the descending aorta become

A

thoracic aorta

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25
Q

what does the thoracic aorta supply

A

vertebral column area, mediastinal structures, and lung tissues

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26
Q

after crossing the diaphragm, what does the thoracic aorta become

A

abdominal aorta

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27
Q

what does the abdominal aorta supply

A

all abdominopelvic organs

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28
Q

what does the abdominal aorta divide into

A

two common iliac arteries

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29
Q

what do the common iliac arteries supply

A

pelvis and lower limbs

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30
Q

what do the common iliac arteries divide into

A

internal and external iliac arteries

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31
Q

what does the internal iliac artery supply

A

pelvis

32
Q

what does the external iliac artery supply

A

lower limbs

33
Q

in the thighs, what does the external iliac artery divide into

A

the deep femoral and femoral arteries

34
Q

once behind the knee, what does each femoral artery become

A

popliteal artery

35
Q

what does the popliteal artery divide into

A

anterior and posterior tibial and fibular arteries

36
Q

what vein is often used in the forearm to draw blood

A

median cubital vein

37
Q

what do veins usually drain into

A

superior and inferior vena cava

38
Q

what surrounds the heart

A

pericardial cavity

39
Q

what is the pericardial cavity filled with

A

serous fluid

40
Q

what are the chambers of the heart

A

right and left atria and right and left ventricles

41
Q

what simultaneously contracts to force blood into the ventricles

A

walls of the atria

42
Q

what simultaneously contracts to force blood into the arteries

A

walls of the ventricles

43
Q

what prevents backflow of blood

A

one way valves

44
Q

what separates each atrium from the same side ventricle

A

atrioventricular valves

45
Q

what separates ventricles from arteries

A

semilunar valves

46
Q

what mediates contraction

A

cardiomyocytes

47
Q

where are cardiomyocytes located

A

in the myocardium layer of the heart wall

48
Q

what is the myocardium between

A

endocardium and epicardium

49
Q

what is the inner layer of the heart wall

A

endocardium

50
Q

what is the outer layer of the heart wall

A

epicardium

51
Q

what stimulates contraction of cardiomyocytes

A

action potentials

52
Q

action potentials spread quickly between cardiomyocytes through __________________

A

gap junctions

53
Q

where are gap junctions located

A

intercalated discs

54
Q

what is the order of the cardiac cycle

A

atrial systole and ventricular diastole > ventricular systole and atrial diastole > ventricular diastole and atrial diastole

55
Q

the events of the cardiac cycle causes the _________ to contract before the ___________

A

atria
ventricles

56
Q

what is the order of blood flow through associated structures

A

atria > ventricles > arteries

57
Q

what ensures action potentials are spread across the heart in the proper patterns

A

nodal cells and conducting cells

58
Q

what provides the heart with the ability to contract without a stimulus

A

depolarization of nodal cells

59
Q

what are nodal cells that depolarize before all other nodal cells

A

pacemaker cells

60
Q

where does conduction slow dramatically

A

when pacemaker cells in the SA node depolarize

61
Q

what is an action potential in the atria seen as

A

P wave

62
Q

when do the atria contract

A

shortly after stimulation by action potential

63
Q

what delays conduction to the ventricles

A

AV node

64
Q

what separates cells of the atria and ventricles

A

cardiac skeleton

65
Q

for an action potential to reach the ventricles what must it pass

A

from the AV node to the AV bundle

66
Q

from the AV bundle, an action potential passes down the _____________________ in the bundle branches that deliver it to purkinje fibers

A

interventricular septum

67
Q

what do purkinje fibers transmit action potentials across

A

ventricular myocardium

68
Q

what is an action potential in the ventricles seen as on an ECG

A

QRS complex

69
Q

what determines cardiac output

A

hear rate and stroke volume

70
Q

what mediates autonomic regulation of cardiac output

A

cardioacceleratory and cardioinhibitory centers in the medulla oblongata

71
Q

left sided heart failure can lead to fluid build up in the ___________ making supine position difficult to tolerate

A

lungs

72
Q

what is the high pressure in arteries generated by

A

contraction of the heart

73
Q

what are the three layers of a blood vessel wall

A

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

74
Q

do arteries or veins have a thicker tunica media

A

arteries

75
Q

what structure of blood vessel walls do capillaries lack

A

tunica media and tunica externa

76
Q

the pressure difference across the systemic circuit

A

circulatory pressure

Semester 3 Biological Sciences 3 (2 decks)

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