Cardiovascular System

Question 1

what structures does the cardiovascular system contain

Answer 1

heart, blood, and blood vessels

Question 2

what is the function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

move blood throughout the body and deliver nutrients to cells and remove waste

Question 3

what type of organ is the heart

Answer 3

muscular organ

Question 4

what does blood leave the heart in

Answer 4

arteries

Question 5

what does blood return to the heart in

Answer 5

veins

Question 6

where does the right side of the heart pump oxygen poor blood into

Answer 6

pulmonary trunk for distribution in pulmonary circuit

Question 7

when blood leaves the heart, it enters the lungs, picking up ______________ and losing ________________

Answer 7

oxygen
carbon dioxide

Question 8

blood returns from the pulmonary circuit to the left side of the heart via the _________________

Answer 8

pulmonary veins

Question 9

the left side of the heart pumps oxygen rich blood into the _____________ for distribution around the rest of the body in the systemic circuit

Answer 9

aorta

Question 10

when blood leaves the left side of the heart, blood delivers ____________ to the rest of the body and picks up _______________

Answer 10

oxygen
carbon dioxide

Question 11

when blood returns from the systemic circuit, what side of the heart does it go to

Answer 11

right

Question 12

what brings blood to the right side of the heart after traveling the systemic circuit

Answer 12

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

Question 13

blood pressure should be high in _______________ and low in _______________

Answer 13

arteries
veins

Question 14

what supplies the heart at the base of the aorta

Answer 14

coronary arteries

Question 15

what is the first part of the aorta that courses upwards

Answer 15

ascending aorta

Question 16

what does the ascending aorta form

Answer 16

aortic arch

Question 17

when the aortic arch courses downwards, what does it become

Answer 17

descending aorta

Question 18

what do the branches of the aortic arch supply

Answer 18

head, neck, shoulders, and upper limbs

Question 19

what does the common carotid supply

Answer 19

head, brain, and face

Question 20

what does the subclavian artery supply

Answer 20

arms, chest walls, shoulders, back, and brain

Question 21

when the subclavian artery leaves the thoracic cavity, what does it become

Answer 21

axillary artery

Question 22

what does the axillary artery become

Answer 22

brachial artery

Question 23

what does the brachial artery become

Answer 23

ulnar and radial arteries

Question 24

what does the descending aorta become

Answer 24

thoracic aorta

Question 25

what does the thoracic aorta supply

Answer 25

vertebral column area, mediastinal structures, and lung tissues

Question 26

after crossing the diaphragm, what does the thoracic aorta become

Answer 26

abdominal aorta

Question 27

what does the abdominal aorta supply

Answer 27

all abdominopelvic organs

Question 28

what does the abdominal aorta divide into

Answer 28

two common iliac arteries

Question 29

what do the common iliac arteries supply

Answer 29

pelvis and lower limbs

Question 30

what do the common iliac arteries divide into

Answer 30

internal and external iliac arteries

Question 31

what does the internal iliac artery supply

Answer 31

pelvis

Question 32

what does the external iliac artery supply

Answer 32

lower limbs

Question 33

in the thighs, what does the external iliac artery divide into

Answer 33

the deep femoral and femoral arteries

Question 34

once behind the knee, what does each femoral artery become

Answer 34

popliteal artery

Question 35

what does the popliteal artery divide into

Answer 35

anterior and posterior tibial and fibular arteries

Question 36

what vein is often used in the forearm to draw blood

Answer 36

median cubital vein

Question 37

what do veins usually drain into

Answer 37

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 38

what surrounds the heart

Answer 38

pericardial cavity

Question 39

what is the pericardial cavity filled with

Answer 39

serous fluid

Question 40

what are the chambers of the heart

Answer 40

right and left atria and right and left ventricles

Question 41

what simultaneously contracts to force blood into the ventricles

Answer 41

walls of the atria

Question 42

what simultaneously contracts to force blood into the arteries

Answer 42

walls of the ventricles

Question 43

what prevents backflow of blood

Answer 43

one way valves

Question 44

what separates each atrium from the same side ventricle

Answer 44

atrioventricular valves

Question 45

what separates ventricles from arteries

Answer 45

semilunar valves

Question 46

what mediates contraction

Answer 46

cardiomyocytes

Question 47

where are cardiomyocytes located

Answer 47

in the myocardium layer of the heart wall

Question 48

what is the myocardium between

Answer 48

endocardium and epicardium

Question 49

what is the inner layer of the heart wall

Answer 49

endocardium

Question 50

what is the outer layer of the heart wall

Answer 50

epicardium

Question 51

what stimulates contraction of cardiomyocytes

Answer 51

action potentials

Question 52

action potentials spread quickly between cardiomyocytes through __________________

Answer 52

gap junctions

Question 53

where are gap junctions located

Answer 53

intercalated discs

Question 54

what is the order of the cardiac cycle

Answer 54

atrial systole and ventricular diastole > ventricular systole and atrial diastole > ventricular diastole and atrial diastole

Question 55

the events of the cardiac cycle causes the _________ to contract before the ___________

Answer 55

atria ventricles

Question 56

what is the order of blood flow through associated structures

Answer 56

atria > ventricles > arteries

Question 57

what ensures action potentials are spread across the heart in the proper patterns

Answer 57

nodal cells and conducting cells

Question 58

what provides the heart with the ability to contract without a stimulus

Answer 58

depolarization of nodal cells

Question 59

what are nodal cells that depolarize before all other nodal cells

Answer 59

pacemaker cells

Question 60

where does conduction slow dramatically

Answer 60

when pacemaker cells in the SA node depolarize

Question 61

what is an action potential in the atria seen as

Answer 61

P wave

Question 62

when do the atria contract

Answer 62

shortly after stimulation by action potential

Question 63

what delays conduction to the ventricles

Answer 63

AV node

Question 64

what separates cells of the atria and ventricles

Answer 64

cardiac skeleton

Question 65

for an action potential to reach the ventricles what must it pass

Answer 65

from the AV node to the AV bundle

Question 66

from the AV bundle, an action potential passes down the _____________________ in the bundle branches that deliver it to purkinje fibers

Answer 66

interventricular septum

Question 67

what do purkinje fibers transmit action potentials across

Answer 67

ventricular myocardium

Question 68

what is an action potential in the ventricles seen as on an ECG

Answer 68

QRS complex

Question 69

what determines cardiac output

Answer 69

hear rate and stroke volume

Question 70

what mediates autonomic regulation of cardiac output

Answer 70

cardioacceleratory and cardioinhibitory centers in the medulla oblongata

Question 71

left sided heart failure can lead to fluid build up in the ___________ making supine position difficult to tolerate

Answer 71

lungs

Question 72

what is the high pressure in arteries generated by

Answer 72

contraction of the heart

Question 73

what are the three layers of a blood vessel wall

Answer 73

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

Question 74

do arteries or veins have a thicker tunica media

Answer 74

arteries

Question 75

what structure of blood vessel walls do capillaries lack

Answer 75

tunica media and tunica externa

Question 76

the pressure difference across the systemic circuit

Answer 76

circulatory pressure