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A&P 2 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Specialized muscle fibers in the ventricular walls that conduct electrical impulses

A

Purkinje Fibers

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2
Q

Do the pulmonary veins (right & left) contain oxygenated blood?

A

Yes, the pulmonary veins are large valveless vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

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3
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

Aortic: between the left ventricle and aorta.
Pulmonary: between the right ventricles and pulmonary trunk and both have 3 cusps.

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4
Q

Endothelium lines the chambers and valves of the heart

A

Define endocardium

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5
Q

What is also referred to as the discharging chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricles

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6
Q

What are the fibrous structures attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles

A

Chordae Tendineae

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7
Q

They are a part of the electrical system of the heart

A

Bundle Branches

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8
Q

The MAIN pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper right atrium

A

SA node

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9
Q

The heart wall layer comprises cardiac muscle tissue and a fibrous skeleton.

A

Myocardium

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10
Q

Large vein that carries blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium

A

Inferior vena cava

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11
Q

What is the large vein that carries blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium?

A

Superior vena cava

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12
Q

What are the muscles in the ventricular walls that pull the chordae tendineae taut to prevent prolapse of the cusps of the atrioventricular valves?

A

Papillary muscles

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13
Q

They anchor the AV valves to the papillary muscles in the ventricles

A

Chordae Tendineae

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14
Q

They run from the atriums to the ventricles; creating electric impulses that cause the contraction of the heart

A

Define atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)

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15
Q

What is the two-cusped structure between the left atrium and the left ventricle that prevents the flow of blood back into the left atrium?

A

Bicuspid Valve

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16
Q

Small chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins?

A

What is the Atria? (right & left)

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17
Q

What is the three-cusped structure between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk that prevents the flow of blood back into the right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary Valve

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18
Q

Blood enters the right _____ from the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.

A

Atrium

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19
Q

The outermost layer of the sac surrounding the heart; anchors the heart into the chest

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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20
Q

What is the cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart?

A

Myocardium

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21
Q

What is the “backup” pacemaker of the heart that is located in the lower right atrium?

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

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21
Q

A small potential space that contains serous fluid; is located between the two layers of the serous pericardium.

A

Pericardial cavity

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22
Q

They prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract.

A

What do the AV valves prevent?

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23
Q

What are the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning from the other areas of the body and send blood to the ventricles?

A

Atria

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24
Does the superior and inferior vena cava contain oxygenated blood?
No, the inferior vena cava (the body's largest vein) carries oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart from the lower part of your body. The superior vena cava (2nd biggest vein) brings the oxygen-poor blood from the upper body to your heart.
25
Blood enters the left atrium from the ______?
Pulmonary Veins
26
Refers to the outermost protective layer of the heart
Epicardium
27
Known as the pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac around the heart and it protects & lubricates your heart and keeps it in place in your chest.
Pericardium
28
How many cusps does the LEFT valve have?
two cusps (mitral & bicuspid valve)
29
How many cusps does the RIGHT valve have?
three cusps (tricuspid valve)
30
What are the large chambers of the heart that eject blood into the arteries?
Right & Left ventricles
31
What are the alternate names for the left (AV) valves?
Bicuspid & Mitral valves
32
What is the three-cusped structure between the right atrium and the right ventricle that prevents the flow of blood back into the right atrium?
Bicuspid Valve
33
What is the alternate name for the right (AV) valve?
Bicuspid Valve
34
Specialized muscle fibers in the ventricular walls that conduct electrical impulses
Purkinje Fibers
35
What pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk?
Right Ventricle
36
What do the AV valves prevent?
They prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract
37
What do the pulmonary veins do?
These veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
38
What pumps blood into the aorta?
Left Ventricle
39
What is the three-cusped structure between the left ventricle, atrium, and aorta that prevents the flow of blood back into the left ventricle?
Aortic Valve
40
The artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Pulmonary Trunk
41
The largest artery in the body carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the systemic circulation
Aorta
42
A small potential space that contains serous fluid; located between the two layers of the serous pericardium
Pericardial Cavity
43
What is the growth of blood vessels called?
Angiogenesis
44
What is the force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by its contained blood?
Blood Pressure (BP)
45
Name the sequence of flow: (Start from the heart)
1. Artery 2. Arteriole (resistance vessels) 3. Capillary 4. Venule 5. Vein 6. Heart
46
True or False: Veins are capacitance vessels? (blood reservoirs) that contains 65% of the blood supply.
True
47
Vessels within vessels
What is a Vasa Vasorum
48
What is a fellex mediated by the PSNS that lowers blood pressure to protect the brain from sudden rapid increases in blood pressure?
Baroreceptor Reflex
49
What are the sounds (heard by auscultation with a stethoscope of turbulent flow resuming during a pressure reading?
Sounds of Korotkoff
50
Depolarization of the ventricles
The QRS complex on an ECG represents
51
What is the process of listening to the heart sounds?
Auscultation
52
What is the second heart sound caused by the beginning of the ventricular diastole?
S2
53
Name the vessels conveying blood away from the heart
1. Pulmonary Trunk, which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries 2. Ascending Aorta
54
Name the vessels returning blood to the heart
1. Superior and Inferior vena cava 2. Right and Left pulmonary veins
55
What is an elevated heart rate above 100 beats per minute?
Tachycardia
56
What is the pressure in the arteries during ventricular diastole?
Diastolic Pressure
57
What is the point in the body where an artery can be palpated with the fingertips to determine the rate, rhythm, and regularity of the heart?
Pulse Point
58
What is a heart rate of more than 100 BPM?
Tachycardia
59
What is a heart rate of less than 6B BPM?
Bradycardia
60
What is the first heart sound caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular systole?
S1
61
What is the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?
1. Systolic Pressure; 120 mm Hg 2. Diastolic Pressure; 80 mm Hg
62
What conducts impulses rapidly between AV nodes *bundle branches?
Bundle of HIS
63
What is the pattern and regularity with which the heart beats?
Rhythm
64
What is a noise heard in the heart because of defective valves?
Murmur
65
What conducts impulses to Purkinje fibers on both sides of the heart?
Bundle Branches
66
A decreased heart rate below 60 beats BPM?
Bradycardia
67
What is a noise heard in an artery as a result of turbulent blood flow?
Bruit
68
The second heart sound is known as ______ and is caused by the closure of the ________?
S2; Semilunar Valves
69
The first heart sound is known as ____ and is caused by the closure of the ________?
S1; AV Valves
70
What is the pressure in the arteries during ventricular systole?
Systolic Pressure
71
Systolic pressure in the arm with the systolic pressure in the ankle
The ankle-brachial index
72
What are the three major types of vessels?
They are arteries, capillaries, and veins
73
What do arteries do?
They carry blood away from the heart
73
What do veins do?
They carry blood towards the heart
74
What is Systolic pressure is below 100 mm Hg
Hypotension
75
A condition of sustained elevated arterial pressure of 140/90 or higher
Hypertension
76
What is the p-wave?
The depolarization of the SA node
77
What is ventricular depolarization called in an ECG?
QRS complex
78
What is ventricular repolarization called in an ECG?
T-wave
79
What can cause syncope *fainting?
A MAP below 60mmHg
80
What can cause a cerebral edema?
A MAP above 160 mmHg
81
What results from large-scale blood loss?
Hypovolemic Shock
82
What results when the heart cannot sustain adequate circulation?
Cardiogenic Shock
83
What results from poor circulation from extreme vasodilation?
Vascular Shock
84
How many times does the SA node generate impulses?
75 times per minute
85
What does the AV node do?
It delays the impulse by approximately 0.1 seconds, allowing the ventricles to fill with blood.
86
Where does the impulse pass from the AV node?
It passes from the atria to the ventricles via the bundle of HIS
87
What is the SA node impulses responsible for?
It is responsible for the pulse rate.
88
What is the heart doing during systole?
It is contracting the heart muscle ( heart working)
89
What is the heart doing during diastole?
It relaxes the heart muscle ( heart at rest)
90
What is the brain sensitive to?
Low PH

A&P 2 (2 decks)

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