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BS0012 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular diseases

A

Disease of the heart + blood vessels

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2
Q

Example of things that lead to cardiovascular diseases

A

Age
Sex
Obesity
Smoking
Family history
High blood pressure
Diabetes
High cholesterol

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3
Q

Types of cardiovascular diseases

A

Coronary artery disease
Heart failure
Stroke
Chronic kidney disease

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4
Q

Two phases of a heart beat

A

Systole (pumping)
Diastole (relax)

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5
Q

What is cardiac output

A

Amount of blood pumped out the heart per minute

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6
Q

Cardiac out equation

A

CO = HR x SV

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7
Q

What I’d blood pressure

A

The force of blood pushing against artery walls

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8
Q

Systemic vascular resistance

A

Resistance in circulatory system used to make blood pressure

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9
Q

When blood vessels constrict. What happens to SVR

A

Systemic vascular resistance increase

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10
Q

When blood vessels dilate. What happens to SVR

A

Systemic vascular resistance decrease

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11
Q

How is blood pressure maintained

A

Using a sphygmomanometer

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12
Q

What two readings does a sphygmomanometer show

A

Systolic BP
diastolic BP

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13
Q

What is systolic blood pressure

A

When heart contracts and highest pressure

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14
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

When heart relaxes and lowest pressure

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15
Q

Average systolic BP

A

120mmHg

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16
Q

Average diastolic BO

A

80mmHg

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17
Q

What organs control pressure

A

Kidneys
Heart
Brain.
Arteries

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18
Q

How do kidneys control blood pressure

A

(RAAS)
Renin. Angiotensin aldosterone system

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19
Q

What happens to blood in the kidneys

A

filtered to remove water + toxins

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20
Q

What is the nephron made up of

A

The glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Renal tubule

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21
Q

Role of bowman’s capsule

A

Helps filter blood

22
Q

What happens to the kidneys when BP drops

A

Reduce blood flow to kidney

23
Q

What happens to the renal tubules when BP drops

A

Reduce filtration
Less sodium delivered

24
Q

What happens to RAAS when BP drops

A

it’s activated to increase BP

25
Q

RAAS

A

Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
angiotensin I - angiotensin II
angiotensin II = makes blood vessel constrict
Adrenal gland release aldosterone
Aldosterone goes back to kidney

26
Q

What enzyme converts angiotensin | to angiotensin |

27
Q

Consequence of hypertension

A

Stroke
Heart attack
Heart failure
Peripheral vascular disease
Chronic kidney disease

28
Q

What is classed as hypertension

A

Systolic bp >140mmHg
Diastolic bp >90mmHg

29
Q

Cause of heart failure

A

Diabetes
Hypertension
Myocardial disease
Valvular heart dishes
Ischaemic heart disease

30
Q

Clinical feature of HF diagnosis

A

Fluid retention
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Palpitations
Fainting
Dizziness

31
Q

Key blood test for HF diagnosis

A

NT pro BNP

32
Q

Key imaging test for HF diagnosis

A

ECG or cardiac MRI

33
Q

Chronic kidney disease

A

Reduction in kidney function for >3 months

34
Q

Cause of chronic kidney disease

A

Diabetes
hypertension
Genetic disease
Vascular disease

35
Q

Clinical feature for CKD diagnosis

A

Fluid retention
Shortness of breath
Weakness

36
Q

Key test for CKD diagnosis

A

Measure kidney function
Measure urine protein

37
Q

Common cause of HF and CKF

A

Diabetes
Hypertension

38
Q

Key drugs to treat

A

Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers

39
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work

A

Blocks enzyme ACE from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II

40
Q

How do angiotensin receptor blockers work

A

Block effects of angiotensin II

41
Q

What vein carries oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary vein

42
Q

What is RAAS

A

Regulated feedback

43
Q

Role of aldosterone

A

Allow salt and water to re absorbed by kidney

44
Q

Natriuretic meaning

A

“Make you wee”

45
Q

What would a patient with heart disease or CKD look like

A

Fluid in lung
Swollen ankle
Swollen stomach
Congested

46
Q

Where does loop diuretics work

A

In the ascending loop

47
Q

How do loop diuretics work

A

Block sodium and potassium reabsorption

48
Q

How does loop diuretic help a patient

49
Q

How do ace inhibitors lower blood pressure

A

Stop constriction of arteries

50
Q

What does the reduction in aldosterone produce cause

A

Retention of salt and water

BS0012 (12 decks)

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