Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What 3 layers make up the heart wall?
Pericardium (Outer)
Myocardium (Cardiac Muscle)
Endocardium (Inner)
Name the 4 heart chambers, and their functions.
Right Atrium- Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
Right Ventricle- Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Left Aitruim- Receives oxygenated blood from the Lungs
Left Ventricle- Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Name 5 types of blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Arterioles
Venules
Capillaries
What is an Artery, and how does it work? (3)
Carries blood away from the heart
Blood moves along by each ventricular contraction (Heartbeat) and elasticity of the arterial wall
Strong outer coat and thick muscle layer to withstand high-pressure
What is a vein and how does it work?
Veins carry blood back to the heart
The process is aided by surrounding muscles and heart structure
Valves and thinner walls prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction
What is a capillary and how does it work?
A small blood vessel allowing interchange of gases and transfer of nutrients and waste products
Thin walls consisting of a single layer of cells
Semi-Permeable to permit passage of substances between blood and tissues
What are the functions of blood? (7)
Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
Carry nutrients and water
Carry waste products from tissues to excretory organs
Distribute the secretions of the glands
Distribute heat generated by muscular activity & transport it to skin for cooling
Protect the body from infection
Seal wounds by clotting
What are the 4 main elements of blood?
Plasma
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Leucocytes (white blood cells)
Thrombocytes (Platelets for clotting)
What is Venous Return
The amount of blood coming back to the heart
Name 3 factors assisting in venous return
Position of the body
Muscular contractions
Respiratory movements
Which component of blood causes clotting, and how does it work?
Thrombocytes (AKA Platelets)
Coagulate blood from a liquid to gel, forming a clot
Can result in haemostasis
Name 3 functions of the spleen
Produce new White blood cells
Stores Red blood cells
Destroys old red blood cells
Define Blood Pressure, and what is normal adult Blood Pressure?
Force or Pressure exerted by blood on the blood vessel walls.
Normal is 120/80 mmHG
Name factors affecting heart rate (9)
Autonomic nervous system
Circulating chemicals
Position
Exercise
Emotional stress
Gender
Age
Temperature
Baroreceptor reflex
Name 3 locations where a pulse can be felt
Radial (Wrist)
Brachial (Bicep)
Carotid (Neck)
What is a normal Heart rate at rest?
60-100 BPM
