Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are veins?
They return blood to the heart
What are arteries?
They carry blood away from the heart
What are capillaries?
they form a bed connecting the smallest arteries (arterioles) and veins (venuoles)
What is the pulmonary system?
Blood to and from the lungs
What is the systemic system?
blood to and from the rest of the body
What are the parts of the pericardium?
heart, great vessels, visceral pericardium (epicardium), pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, connective tissue layer of the parietal pericardium, mediastinal pleura, sternopericardial ligament
What is advenitia?
outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure
what is the serosa?
a connective tissue layer that is covered by a simple squamous epithelium, a methothelial layer
where is a serous parietal membrane?
the ones that line a wall of a cavity
where is a visceral serous membrane?
the layer covering the organ or structure
What do serous membranes secrete and where is it found?
serous fluids and its found in the space between the two layers
What is the epicardium?
the visceral pericardium, consists of a mesothelium and an underlying layer of loose connective tissue
What is the myocardium?
thick, contractile middle layer of heart wall, consists of concentric layers of cardiac muscle tissues, blood vessels, and nerves
What is the endocardium?
the delicate inner layer of membranous endothelium and connective tissue
What is in the right atrium?
cranial and caudal vena cava, right atrioventricular valve, right semilunar valve, pulmonary artery
What are the three shunts of fetal circulation?
ductus venous, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale
What is the umbilicus made up of?
four structures: two arteries, the umbilical vein, and the urachus. The latter structure allows urine to leave the fetal bladder for he mother’s system to detoxify and remove
What is the ductus venosus?
oxygenated blood travels from the placenta via the umbilical vein and most of it bypasses the liver by way of ductus venosus
What is the foramen ovale?
the foramen ovale is an opening between the two atria enabling blood to be directed into the systemic circulation thereby bypassing the lungs
What is the ductus arteriosus?
the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta and allows equivalent ventricular function in the fetus
What are the best sites for venipuncture on animals?
- dog or cat – external jugular, cephalic vein, lateral saphenous vein
- large animals – external jugular
- cattle – tail vein = median caudal vein (also can take a pulse here)
- pig – jugular or ear vein
