Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Superficial layer =
• Intermediate layer =
(parietal layer)
• Deep layer =
(visceral layer)

Answer 1

Superficial layer = fibrous pericardium
• Intermediate layer = serous pericardium
(parietal layer)
• Deep layer = serous pericardium
(visceral layer)

Question 2

Heart valves consists of leaflets of ……… tissue (lamina fibrosa) sandwiched between thin layers of endothelium.

Answer 2

Heart valves consists of leaflets of fibroelastic tissue (lamina fibrosa) sandwiched between thin layers of endothelium.

Question 3

The aortic valve leaflets are covered by a continuous layer of endothelial cells with a …. surface on the ventricular side and numerous ….. on the arterial side.

Answer 3

The aortic valve leaflets are covered by a continuous layer of endothelial cells with a smooth surface on the ventricular side and numerous ridges on the arterial side.

Question 4

The aorta is classified as a Large ……

Answer 4

The aorta is classified as a Large Elastic Artery. (Due to numerous elastin on the aortic wall!)

Question 5

Tunica externa is ….. rich

Answer 5

Tunica externa is collagen rich and contains vasa vasorum and vascular nerves.

Question 6

Tunica media comprised of numerous …… elastic lamellae amongst collagen fibres and smooth muscle cells.

Answer 6

Tunica media comprised of numerous fenestrated elastic lamellae amongst collagen fibres and smooth muscle cells.

Question 7

Venules have endothelium with …….

Answer 7

Venules have endothelium with pericytes

Question 8

Lymphatics have ….. walls, valves (not in this section) and ….. pericytes

Answer 8

Lymphatics have thin walls, valves (not in this section) and lack pericytes

Question 9

Arterioles have only … or … layers of smooth muscle cells

Answer 9

Arterioles have only 2 or 3 layers of smooth muscle cells

Question 10

Erythrocytes are derived from erythroblasts in a process called …….. . This process takes .. week to complete and erythrocytes live for approximately … months in circulation.

Answer 10

Erythrocytes are derived from erythroblasts in a process called erythropoiesis. This process takes 1 week to complete and erythrocytes live for approximately 4 months in circulation.