Cardiovascular System

Question 1

CVS

Answer 1

transports O2 and nutrients throughout the body

removes CO2 and other waste products

Question 2

atria

Answer 2

receiving chambers

Question 3

ventricles

Answer 3

discharging chambers

Question 4

atrioventricular (AV) valves

Answer 4

between the atria and ventricles

bicuspid - left
tricuspid - right

Question 5

semilunar valves

Answer 5

between the ventricles and arteries

pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve

Question 6

late diastole

Answer 6

both sets of chambers relax and ventricles fill passively

Question 7

arteriole systole

Answer 7

atrial contraction forces a small amount of additional blood into ventricles

Question 8

isovolumic ventricular contraction

Answer 8

first phase pushes AV valves closed but does not create enough pressure to open semilunar valves

Question 9

ventricular ejection

Answer 9

ventricular pressure increases above arterial pressure and opens semilunar valves to eject blood

Question 10

isovolumic ventricular relaxation

Answer 10

ventricles relax as pressure decreases, blood flows back into semilunar valve cusps and closes valves

Question 11

angiotensin II

Answer 11

stimulates systemic vasoconstriction

promotes Na+ and H2O retention by inducing the release of aldosterone

Question 11

angiotensin II

Answer 11

stimulates systemic vasoconstriction

promotes Na+ and H2O retention by inducing the release of aldosterone and ADH

activates thirst mechanism

reduces baroreflex to increase BP

Question 12

cardiac output

Answer 12

amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute

CO = HR x SV

Question 13

stroke volume

Answer 13

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

Question 14

peripheral resistance

Answer 14

resistance = vessel length x blood viscosity / (vessel radius)^4

Question 15

isotonic/dynamic exercise

Answer 15

muscle contraction of large muscle groups resulting in movement

increases CO, O2 consumption
decreases vascular resistance

volume load on heart

running, swimming

Question 16

isometric/static exercise

Answer 16

constant muscle contraction of smaller muscle groups without movement

increases vascular resistance
minimal CO and O2 changes

pressure load on heart

weight lifting