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medical terminology > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

P wave

A

spread of excitation wave over the atria just before the contraction

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2
Q

QRS wave

A

spread of excitation wave over the ventricles as the ventricles contract

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3
Q

T wave

A

electrical recovery and relaxation of ventricles

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4
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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5
Q

Apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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6
Q

Arteriole

A

small artery

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7
Q

Artery

A

largest type of blood vessel;carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

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8
Q

Bundle of His

atrioventricular bundle

A

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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9
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) to the AV node

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10
Q

Atrium

A

one of two upper chambers of the heart

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11
Q

Capillary

A

smallest type of blood vessel. Materials pass to and from bloodstream through their walls

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12
Q

Carotid Arteries

A

two arteries located on each side of the neck, branch from aorta to supply blood to the head and neck.

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13
Q

Coronary arteries

A

blood vessels branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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14
Q

Diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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15
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of electrical activity of the heart

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16
Q

Endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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17
Q

Endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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18
Q

Mitral valve

A

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle;bicuspid valve

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19
Q

Murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of heart valves

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20
Q

Myocardium

A

muscular middle layer of the heart

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21
Q

Pacemaker (SA node)

A

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

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22
Q

Pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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23
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

valve positioned between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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24
Q

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

pacemaker of the heart

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25
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure

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26
Q

Systole

A

contraction phase of the heart

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27
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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28
Q

Vein

A

thin-walled vessel that carrie’s blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart

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29
Q

Vena Cava

A

largest vein of the body; return blood to the right atrium of the heart

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30
Q

Ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart

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31
Q

Venule

A

small vein

32
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

33
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

34
Q

atrer/o

arteri/o

A

artery

35
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

36
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

37
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

38
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

39
Q

cholesterol/o

A

cholesterol

40
Q

coron/o

A

heart

41
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

42
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

43
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

44
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

45
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

46
Q

rrhythm/o

A

rhythm

47
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

48
Q

steth/o

A

chest

49
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

50
Q

valvul/o

valv/o

A

valve

51
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

52
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

53
Q

ven/o

ven/i

A

vein

54
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

55
Q

Arrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythms

56
Q

bradycardia

type of arrhythmia

A

failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node and to the bundle of His

57
Q

Flutter

type of arrhythmia

A

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

58
Q

Fibrillation

type of arrhythmia

A

very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more/min)

59
Q

Congenital heart disease

A

abnormalities in the heart at birth

60
Q

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

congenital heart disease

A

narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta

61
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

congenital heart disease

A

passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth

62
Q 
Septal defects 
(congenital heart disease)
A

small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles

63
Q

tetralogy of fallot

congenital heart disease

A

congenital malformation involving 4 distinct heart defects

-pulmonary artery stenosis,ventricular septal defect,shift of the aorta to the right, hypertrophy of the right ventricle

64
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood

65
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

66
Q

Endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

67
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

high blood pressure affecting the heart

68
Q

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

improper closure of the mitral valve

69
Q

murmur

A

extra heart sound, heard in between normal beats

70
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart

71
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

heart disease cause by rheumatic fever

72
Q

Aneurysm

A

local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

73
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

74
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

high blood pressure

75
Q

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

blockage of arteries carying blood to the legs, arms, bidney, and other organs

76
Q

Raynaud disease

A

recurrent episodes of pallor or cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

77
Q

Varicose veins

A

abnormally twisted and swollen veins, usually occurring in the legs

medical terminology (12 decks)

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