cardiovascular system Flashcards
P wave
spread of excitation wave over the atria just before the contraction
QRS wave
spread of excitation wave over the ventricles as the ventricles contract
T wave
electrical recovery and relaxation of ventricles
Aorta
largest artery in the body
Apex of the heart
lower tip of the heart
Arteriole
small artery
Artery
largest type of blood vessel;carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
Bundle of His
atrioventricular bundle
specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them
Atrioventricular (AV) node
electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) to the AV node
Atrium
one of two upper chambers of the heart
Capillary
smallest type of blood vessel. Materials pass to and from bloodstream through their walls
Carotid Arteries
two arteries located on each side of the neck, branch from aorta to supply blood to the head and neck.
Coronary arteries
blood vessels branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
Diastole
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
electrocardiogram
record of electrical activity of the heart
Endocardium
inner lining of the heart
Endothelium
innermost lining of blood vessels
Mitral valve
valve between the left atrium and left ventricle;bicuspid valve
Murmur
abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of heart valves
Myocardium
muscular middle layer of the heart
Pacemaker (SA node)
specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat
Pericardium
double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
Pulmonary valve
valve positioned between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
pacemaker of the heart
Sphygmomanometer
instrument to measure blood pressure
Systole
contraction phase of the heart
Tricuspid valve
located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Vein
thin-walled vessel that carrie’s blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart
Vena Cava
largest vein of the body; return blood to the right atrium of the heart
Ventricle
one of two lower chambers of the heart
Venule
small vein
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
atrer/o
arteri/o
artery
ather/o
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
atri/o
atrium
brachi/o
arm
cardi/o
heart
cholesterol/o
cholesterol
coron/o
heart
cyan/o
blue
myx/o
mucus
ox/o
oxygen
pericardi/o
pericardium
phleb/o
vein
rrhythm/o
rhythm
sphygm/o
pulse
steth/o
chest
thromb/o
clot
valvul/o
valv/o
valve
vas/o
vessel
vascul/o
vessel
ven/o
ven/i
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle
Arrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythms
bradycardia
type of arrhythmia
failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node and to the bundle of His
Flutter
type of arrhythmia
rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
Fibrillation
type of arrhythmia
very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more/min)
Congenital heart disease
abnormalities in the heart at birth
coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
congenital heart disease
narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
congenital heart disease
passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth
Septal defects (congenital heart disease)
small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles
tetralogy of fallot
congenital heart disease
congenital malformation involving 4 distinct heart defects
-pulmonary artery stenosis,ventricular septal defect,shift of the aorta to the right, hypertrophy of the right ventricle
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
Endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
hypertensive heart disease
high blood pressure affecting the heart
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
improper closure of the mitral valve
murmur
extra heart sound, heard in between normal beats
pericarditis
inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart
rheumatic heart disease
heart disease cause by rheumatic fever
Aneurysm
local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb
Hypertension (HTN)
high blood pressure
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
blockage of arteries carying blood to the legs, arms, bidney, and other organs
Raynaud disease
recurrent episodes of pallor or cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
Varicose veins
abnormally twisted and swollen veins, usually occurring in the legs
