Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What type of cell is this?
What is it’s function?
What is the benefit of the shape of the cell?
Erythrocyte.
Delivers oxygen to tissue. Takes carbon dioxide away from cells.
Biconcave disk with shallow centre optimises surface area to volume ration for gas exchange. Allows them to fold up to move through narrow blood vessels.
What type of cell is this?
What is it’s function?
Neutrophil.
Protect the body and clean up debris. They can leave the bloodstream to defend.
Which cell is the top line pointing to?
Lymphocyte.
- Big nucleus takes up whole cell.
Which type of cell is the bottom line pointing to?
Monocyte.
- Biggest leukocyte and horse shape nucleus.
What is this part of the heart?
What is it’s function?
Superior vena cava.
Drains blood from head, neck and upper limbs to empty onto the right atrium.
What is this part of the heart?
What is it’s function?
Aorta.
Carries blood from left ventricle to rest of body. Origin of systematic circuit.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Main pulmonary artery/pulmonary trunk.
Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs. Origin of pulmonary circuit.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Pulmonary veins.
Carry oxygenated blood from lungs to drain into left atrium. End of pulmonary circuit.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Inferior vena cava.
Drains blood from abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs into the right atrium.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Mitral valve.
Separates left atrium and left ventricle.
Prevents back flow of blood.
Has two leaflets.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Aortic valve.
Separates left ventricle from aorta.
Prevents back-flow of blood.
Has three leaflets.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Left atrium.
Receives blood from pulmonary circuit via pulmonary veins.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Left ventricle.
Receives blood from left atrium. Drained by the aorta. Trabecular carnage like the ventricular walls.
Two papillary muscles attach to mitral valve via chordae tendineae.
Has thickest walls because it pumps blood to whole body.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Pericardium.
Protects the heart and reduces friction.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Right atrium.
Receives blood from systematic circuit via superior and inferior vena cava. Drains blood into right ventricle.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Right ventricle.
Receives blood from right atrium.
Three papillary muscles attach to tricuspid valve via chordae tendineae.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Pulmonary valve.
Consists of three cusps. Prevents back flow of blood.
What part of the heart is this?
What is it’s function?
Tricuspid valve.
Three cusps. Separates right atrium and right ventricle. Prevents back flow of blood.
Describe blood flow through the heart and lungs.
- Blood enters right atrium via inferior and superior vena cava.
- Blood flows through tricuspid valve into right ventricle.
- Right ventricle pushes blood through pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery.
- Pulmonary artery takes blood to lungs where it picks up oxygen.
- Blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium.
- Blood flows through mitral valve into left ventricle.
- Left ventricle pumps blood through aortic valve into the aorta.
- Blood goes to the rest of the body via the aorta.
- Deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart via superior and inferior vena cava.
Name the vessels in the pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary trunk.
Pulmonary arteries.
Pulmonary veins.
Which great vessels contribute to the systematic circuit?
Superior and inferior vena cava.
Aorta.
Describe the location of the heart
Thoracic cavity.
Medially between the lungs in the mediastinum.
Sits in pericardial cavity and enclosed by pericardial sac.
What is the function of an artery?
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, where is branches into smaller vessels. The smallest arteries (arterioles) branch into capillaries.
What is the function of a capillary?
Capillaries are where nutrients and waste are exchanged.
What is the function of veins?
Return blood to the heart.
What is this part of a blood vessel?
Tunica externa.
What is this part of a blood vessel?
Tunica media.
What is this part of a blood vessel?
Tunica intima.
What is this part of a blood vessel?
Smooth muscle.
What is this part of a blood vessel?
Internal elastic membrane.
What is this part of a blood vessel?
Vasa vasorum.
What is this part of a blood vessel?
External elastic membrane
What is this part of a blood vessel?
Nervi vasorum
What is this part of a blood vessel?
Endothelium
What is this part of a blood vessel?
Elastic fibre
Which type of vessel is on the top?
Which type of vessel is on the bottom?
Top is vein. Bottom is artery.
Describe general appearance of arteries
Thick walls with small lumens
Generally appear rounded
Describe the general appearance of veins
Thin walls with large linens
Generally appear flattened
Describe the differences in the tunica intima between arteries and veins
In arteries, wavy endothelium due to constriction of smooth muscle. Internal elastic membrane present in larger vessels.
In veins, endothelium appears smooth and no internal elastic membrane.
Describe the differences in tunica media between arteries and veins
In arteries, normally the thickest layer. Smooth muscle cells and elastic fibres predominate. External elastic membrane present in large vessels.
In veins, tunica media normally thinner than tuna externa. Smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibres predominate. Nerves and vasa vasorum present, external elastic membrane absent.
Describe the differences in tunica externa between arteries and veins
In arteries, normally thinner than the tunica media in all but the largest arteries. Collagenous and elastic fibres. Nerves and vasa vasorum present.
In veins, normally the thickest layer. Collagenous and smooth fibres predominate. Some smooth muscle fibres. Nerves and vasa vasorum present.
Main tissue type of tunica externa
Connective tissue
Main tissue type of tunica media
Smooth muscle
Main tissue type of tunica interna
Endothelium and thing layer of connective tissue
Direction of blood flow arteries vs veins
Arteries - blood away from heart
Veins - blood toward heart
Pressure in arteries vs veins
Arteries - high
Veins - low
Wall thickness in arteries vs veins
Arteries - thick
Veins - thin
Relative oxygen concentration in arteries vs veins
Arteries - higher in systemic arteries. Lower in pulmonary arteries.
Veins - lower in systemic veins. Higher in pulmonary veins.
Valves in arteries vs veins
Arteries - not present
Veins - most commonly present in limbs and in veins inferior to the heart
Origin of a blood vessel
Point where blood first enters the blood vessel
Termination of a blood vessel
Where blood leaves the names blood vessel
Collateral branch
Arise from the side of the main blood vessel
Terminal branch
Named blood vessel ends and branches into two or more other vessels
Tributaries
Vessels that join a main vein
Confluence
Where a vein forms from multiple smaller veins
Continuation of a vessel
Where a blood vessel changes names as it passes a landmark
Right and left coronary arteries
Only branches of the ascending aorta.
Supply the heart wall.
