Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Where is the location of the heart?

Answer 1

Middle mediastinum

Question 2

Name the anterior, posterior and inferior relations to the heart.

Answer 2

Anteriorly: Sternum
Posteriorly: Vertebral column.
Inferiorly: Diaphragm

Question 3

What is the covering of the heart?

Answer 3

Pericardium

Question 4

Name the layers of the covering of the heart.

Answer 4

Pericardium is 2 layers.

Fibrous pericardium: maintains position of the heart.

Serous pericardium:

1. Parietal layer attached to the fibrous pericardium.
2. Visceral layer which is called epicardium, is attached to the heart.

Question 5

Elaborate the blood flow through the heart.

Answer 5

Blood enters the right atrium through the vena cava. It then flows through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. From then it flows to the lungs through the Pulmonary artery to get oxygenated. It is then returned via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. From the left atrium it passes through the bicuspid (mitric) valve to the left ventricle. It is then pumped to the whole body through the aorta.

Question 6

Name the three main circulation and one main feature.

Answer 6

Pulmonary Circulation; transports oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new oxygen supply. Then it returns oxygen rich blood to the left atrium.

Systemic Circulation; provides a functional blood supply to all body tissues.

Coronary Circulation; The cells that make up the wall of the heart need a supply of blood.

Question 7

What are the exceptions in vessels

Answer 7

Pulmonary artery; as it is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood.

Pulmonary vein; as it is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood.