Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the #1 killer in the US?

A

Cardiovascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the CVS?

A

Heart and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What region holds the heart, esophagus, and trachea?

A

Mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

A

R side, through SVC and IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the valve between atrium and ventricle on left and right side of heart

A

Right: tricuspid Left: bicuspid/mitral/AV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

Percentage of RBCs in given volume of blood (determines viscosity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the most abundant WBCs?

A

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain diapedesis

A

WBCs leave blood vessels by squeezing through simple squamous lining. Monocytes become big macrophages after leaving the blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much blood enters and leaves the heart every minute?

A

About 5.5 liters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is in plasma?

A

90% water, then dissolved substances, ions: Na, Ca, H, OH, bicarb, antibodies, clotting factors, enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is in the buffy coat (between RBCs and plasma)

A

WBCs and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do B-lymptocytes do?

A

Make and secrete antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do T-lymphocytes do?

A

Destroy virally-infected cells and cancerous cells if they have signal proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the tunica interna

A

(intima) endotherlium faces lumen of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the tunica media

A

smooth muscle for vasoconstriction and vasodilation, with a layer of epithelial and nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the tunica externa

A

Superficial, mostly CT with a lot of collagen and elastic fibers and nerves and lymphatic vessels. These CTs anchor the blood vessel

17
Q

What is the radial pulse caused by?

A

The stretch and recoil of the artery’s tunicas

18
Q

What’s the aortic reflex?

A

A fall in blood pressure due to peripheral vasodilation and cardiac inhibition

19
Q

What’s the carotid sinus reflex?

A

High blood pressure stimulates baroreceptors, send signals to medulla oblongata, so increases parasympathetic which decreases HR

20
Q

Describe what happens with an aneurism

A

A ballooning out of an artery wall where blood has seeped between layers of the tunicas

21
Q

Describe the 3 ways to get low pressure blood to the heart

A
  1. Pressure changes in chest and abdominal cavity during breathing 2. “Milking” action of muscle movement 3. One-way valves
22
Q

Name 3 circulatory systems

A

Systemic, pulmonary, coronary

23
Q

What is the diameter of the aorta?

A

1 inch/2.5 cm

24
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A

the brachiocephalic artery, which is divided into the R subclavian artery and the R common carotid artery

25
Q

What branches to the left off the aorta?

A

L subclavian artery and L common carotid artery

26
Q

What is the “lub-dub” sound from?

A

The closing of valves: lub: tricuspid and bicuspid dub: aortic and pulmonary

27
Q

What happens during diastole?

A

Both atria fill with blood

28
Q

What happens during systole?

A

Both ventricles contract

29
Q

What is systolic and diastolic pressure?

A

Pressure against the walls of the blood vessels during those phases of the cardiac cycle

30
Q

Define hemostasis

A

Process to prevent and stop bleeding. First stage of wound healing

31
Q

What’s step 1 in hemostasis?

A

Vasoconstriction- smooth muscle in tunica media contracts to reduce blood leaving vessel

32
Q

What’s step 2 in hemostasis?

A

Collagen in tunica externa unravels and triggers platelets that originate in red bone marrow to come to the site. When exposed to collagen platelets get “sticky”

33
Q

What’s step 3 in hemostasis?

A

Coagulation: clotting factors, RBCs, and platelets form temporary plug/fiber mesh

34
Q

How is calcium ion involved in hemostasis?

A

It is a cofactor for clotting factors: a fine balance of calcium in blood is necessary (9-11mg/100mL blood) because you don’t want to clot too fast or for it to take too long

35
Q

Why are blood calcium levels needed at 9-11mg/100mL blood?

A
  1. for nerve impulses to be generated/transmitted 2. For muscular contraction 3. For coagulation to occur in a timely matter
36
Q

What do blood thinners do?

A

Stops clotting factors/diminishes formation of clot/plug

37
Q

What binds calcium to stop clotting when collecting blood in a vial?

A

citrate/EDTA

38
Q

What 2 sources control contraction of the heart?

A

intrinsic: specialized cardiac cells like SA node, AV node, etc and extrinsic: vagus nerve- slows HR down

39
Q

What is perfusion?

A

exchange of gas, glucose, amino acids, and waste between tissue cells and capillary beds

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions