cardiovascular systeam Flashcards
what are the 2 layers of the pericardium
what are thte layer made up of and what is the function of each layer
Fibrous Pericardium
Tough connective tissue
Prevents overfilling
Serous Pericardium
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
Allows movement
what is the pericardium
Fluid filled sac that surrounds heart and its great vessels
what are the 3 layers of the heart
Epicardium
Outer layer
Myocardium
Middle layer
Cardiac muscle
Endocardium
Inner layer
what is the layer between the myocardium and the endocardium called and what is it
Between the myocardium and endocardium is the subendocardial layer which is loose connective tissue containing small blood vessels and nerves and the branches of the impulse conducting system.
what are the 2 systems that the cardiovascular system is divided into
Pulmonary Circulation
Between heart and lungs
Systemic Circulation
Between heart and all organs and tissues
where is oxygenated blood distributed to
Oxygenated blood is distributed to the brain, skin, kidneys, muscles, liver, and then back to the heart deoxygenated
where does deoxygenated blood enter
It enters the cappiliaty and then exits oxygenated through the diffusion of O2 in the alveolus
where is the heart located
Located within the middle mediastinum
Situated obliquely, with 2/3rds heart left to the mid-sternal line, and 1/3rd to the right.
Sits within pericardium
when does diastole occur
Diastole occurs when the heart muscles relax as it fills with blood
when do AV valves open
AV valves open during ventricular diastole due to relaxed papillary muscles
what does AV mean when referring to AV valves
atrioventricular
semilunar valves
Pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aortic valve: between left ventricle and aorta
Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
coductiing system of the heart
Generates and transmits impulses to produce coordinated contractions
Consists of sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His), and Purkinje fibres
