Cardiovascular/pulmonary #2

Question 1

What is a normal echocardiograph ratio of MPA:Ao?

CT measurement of MPA:Ao compared to echo derived ratios VRU 57.4

Answer 1

0.98

Question 2

Which phase of respiration had a linear relationship or MPA:Ao ratio with the echocardiographic ratios?

CT measurement of MPA:Ao compared to echo derived ratios VRU 57.4

Answer 2

both inspiratory (pre and post contrast) scans

Question 3

What was MPA:Ao ratio for inspiratory vs expiratory phases on MDCT?

CT measurement of MPA:Ao compared to echo derived ratios VRU 57.4

Answer 3

Inspiratory: 1.14
Expiratory: 1.03

Question 4

For which CT scan (inspiratory vs expiratory) did the confidence interval of the MPA:Ao ratio include the maximum normal ratio on echo?

Was there a linear relationship between the two measured values (phase vs echo)

CT measurement of MPA:Ao compared to echo derived ratios VRU 57.4

Answer 4

Expiratory - mean ratio was 1.03, but confidence interval included 0.98, which is the upper limits of normal for echo

No correlation

Question 5

What was there reasoning for the differences between inspiratory and expiratory ratios of MPA;AO ratios?

CT measurement of MPA:Ao compared to echo derived ratios VRU 57.4

Answer 5

Expiratory - increased intra-thoracic pressure - and the MPA is more prone to collapse because of low diastolic and systolic pressures - leading to a smaller ratio

Inspiratory: Increased flow - increased size of the MPA - increasing the ratio

Question 6

What are the characteristics of influenza that are seen on necropsy?

Thoracic radiographic characteristics of canine influenza virus in 6 dogs VRU Pre-published 2016

Answer 6

Cranioventral lung consolidation
Lymphadenopathy
Mediastinal fluid (hemorrhage)
alveolar wall edema
Pleural fluid (hemorrhage)

Question 7

What are characteristics of thoracic radiographs for canine influenza?

Thoracic radiographic characteristics of canine influenza virus in 6 dogs VRU Pre-published 2016

Answer 7

Cranioventral distribution
Unstructured interstitial –> alveolar pattern
No lymphadenopathy or mediastinal widening, or fluid

may be a bias in this report due to clinical resolution of disease

Question 8

Other differentials for the changes seen in a case of canine influenza?

Thoracic radiographic characteristics of canine influenza virus in 6 dogs VRU Pre-published 2016

Answer 8

Cranioventral lung pattern: 
aspiration pneumonia
bacterial pneumonic
viral pneumonia
histiocytic sarcoma

Question 9

Which lungs lobes were most commonly affected with influenza?

Thoracic radiographic characteristics of canine influenza virus in 6 dogs VRU Pre-published 2016

Answer 9

Right middle (5)
Left cranial (5)
Right cranial (4)

Question 10

What secondary infectious agent also contributed to clinical signs/radiographic changes?

Thoracic radiographic characteristics of canine influenza virus in 6 dogs VRU Pre-published 2016

Answer 10

Mycoplasma