Cardiovascular Physiology Lab

Question 1

Electrocardiogram

Answer 1

The pattern of electrical activity recorded at the body surface

Question 2

Blood enters the atrial chambers of the heart at a ________ pressure

Answer 2

low

Question 3

Blood leaves the ventricles at a ______ pressure

Answer 3

high

Question 4

What does the high atrial pressure provide?

Answer 4

The energy to force blood through the circulatory system.

Question 5

Sinuatrial (SA) Node

Answer 5

A group of specialized muscle cells that act as a pacemaker for the heart. They rhythmically produce action potentials that spread through the muscle fibers of the atria. The resulting contraction pushes blood into the ventricles.

Question 6

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Answer 6

The only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles.

Question 7

Three phases of the cardiac action potential

Answer 7

Rapid depolarization
Plateau depolarization
Repolarization back to resting membrane potential

Question 8

P-wave

Answer 8

produced by atrial depolarization

Question 9

QRS Complex

Answer 9

produced by ventricular depolarization; atrial repolarization is also occuring during this time, but its contribution is insignificant

Question 10

T-wave

Answer 10

produced by ventricular repolarization

Question 11

Atrioventricular (AV) Valves

Answer 11

Prevent backflow from ventricle to atrium. Located between the atrium and ventricle on each side of the heart

Question 12

Semilunar Valves

Answer 12

prevent backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery into the respective ventricle. located between the ventricle and the artery on each side of the heart.

Question 13

ECG in resting volunteer (lab procedure)

Answer 13

You will record the ECG , analyze the signal and observe the effects of slight movement on the signal

Question 14

ECG and heart sounds (lab procedure)

Answer 14

You will use a stethoscope to listen to the heart and an event marker to determine the relationship between what you are hearing and the ECG being recorded at the same time.

Question 15

ECG and phonocardiography (lab procedure)

Answer 15

You will record the heart sounds (phonocardiogram) together with the ECG.

Question 16

Aim of heart sounds lab

Answer 16

Examine the relationship between the ECG and the characteristic sounds of the heart

Question 17

Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 17

The volume of blood that the heart ejects into the circulation each minute. The product of the heart rate (beats/min) and the stroke volume (liters/beat).

Question 18

Stroke volume (SV)

Answer 18

The volume of blood ejected during each beat. (averages at 5.0 liters/min.

Question 19

The nervous system controls heart rate via _________

Answer 19

The autonomic nerves

Question 20

What happens to the vagal activity and the sympathetic activity during exercise?

Answer 20

Vagal activity diminishes and sympathetic activity increases.
*This together with increased levels of circulating epinephrine, results in an increased heart rate.

Question 21

ECG and volume pulse at rest (lab procedure)

Answer 21

You will measure the ECG and volume pulse from a resting volunteer

Question 22

ECG and volume pulse after exercise ( lab procedure)

Answer 22

You will measure the ECG and volume pulse in a volunteer at intervals after exercise, analyze the resultant signals, and compare them with the volunteers resting ECG and volume pulse.

Question 23

Volume pulse after hand exercise (lab procedure)

Answer 23

You will measure changes in the finger pulse in a volunteer at intervals after hand exercise, analyze the resultant signals, and compare them with volunteers resting finger pulse.