Cardiovascular Physiology

Question 1

Three principal components of the Cardiovascular System

Answer 1

The heart (pump)
The blood vessels (pipes)
The blood (the fluid to be moved)

Question 2

What influences the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

The endocrine system, nervous system, and kidneys

Question 3

Pulmonary Loop

Answer 3

Carries blood to the lungs and back to the heart

Question 4

Systemic Loop

Answer 4

Carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 5

What carried blood away from the heart?

Answer 5

Arteries, they usually carry oxygenated blood

Question 6

What carries blood to the heart?

Answer 6

Veins, carry deoxygenated blood

Question 7

Three things that contribute to resistance

Answer 7

1. Blood viscosity (affected by volume and # of RBC’s)
2. Total blood vessel length (longer distance that the blood has to travel, the more resistance).
3. Blood vessel diameter (constricted vessels increase resistance).

Question 8

Three heart layers

Answer 8

1. epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium

Question 9

Epicardium

Answer 9

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium . Minimizes friction damage to the heart.

Question 10

Myocardium

Answer 10

Middle layer, composed of cardiac muscle and forms the bulk of the heart mass. This is the layer that contracts. The cells are branched and tightly bound together, which gives it strength in many directions. (replacing myocardium cells after heart attack can be very difficult).

Question 11

Endocardium

Answer 11

The inner layer, endothelium which rests on a think layer of connective tissue. It is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart. It has a smooth surface.