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Personal Training > Cardiovascular physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is VO2?

A

Volume of Oxygen used by the body

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2
Q

what is the equation for cardiac output?

A

heart rate x stroke volume

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3
Q

what is the (a-v)O2 Diffference?

A

the difference in oxygen saturation when blood leave the heart via arteries and returns to the hear via veins.

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4
Q

What is Stroke Volume?

A

Amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat

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5
Q

VO2 max equation

A

Cardiac Output x (a-v)O2 difference

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6
Q

the heart used what systems to deliver oxygen?

A

Cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary systems

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7
Q

What is Diastole?

A

When the heart fills up with blood

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8
Q

What is Systole?

A

Contraction of the heart, where blood is pumped out

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9
Q

Blood gets pumped into the pulmonary artery and exchanges what?

A

CO2 for O2

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10
Q

what is Hemoglobin?

A

A protein in red blood cells that helps transport O2 to the body

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11
Q

what muscle has special characteristics that allow it to work continuously throughout a persons life span

A

cardiac muscle

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12
Q

myocardium

A

tissue of the heart

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13
Q

what are the factors that result in the myocardium being able to continuously work?

A

an enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium delivery supporting continuous neural responses

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14
Q

what are the sources of fuel that the heart can use?

A

The heart can use every source of fuel (fatty acids, glucose, amino acids, lactate, and ketone bodies)

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15
Q

list the names of different types of vessels

A

veins, arteries, arterioles, capillaries

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16
Q

describe arteries and their roles

A

Large walls, and transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissue

17
Q

describe arterioles and their functions

A

smaller walls, connecting arteries to capillaries

18
Q

describe capillaries and their functions

A

smallest walls, and exchange nutrients and waste product removal

19
Q

what are veins and their function?

A

pump deoxygenated blood back to the heart using special valves

20
Q

what is venous pooling and some consequences?

A

when a proper cool down isn’t used when doing high intensity work, the blood pools in the veins, This can cause dizziness, heavy legs, fainting, and for older clients even cardiac arrest

21
Q

what is the role of blood?

A

transport oxygen to the tissues via capillaries, trades nutrients and allows for waste product removal,and pumps deoxygenated blood back to the heart

22
Q

do men or women have higher CO and VO2max and why?

A

men do, due to bigger heart and more skeletal muscle

23
Q

how does aerobic training help cardiac output and VO2max?

A

When blood pumps faster during times of training, when the heart is resting it can pump much easier. It makes ventricular mass stronger resulting in more blood pumped per beat. Also enhancing capillaries makes it easier to transport O2 to the tissue

24
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

the force of blood being pumped onto arterial walls

25
Q

what is the equation for blood pressure?

A

Cardiac output x Total peripheral resistance

26
Q

how is blood pressure managed?

A

via baroreceptors in the arteries dictating dilation or and constriction or arterial walls

27
Q

what are baroreceptors?

A

special receptors in major arteries that monitors the pressure of blood then signally the heart to beat in a certain way.

28
Q

does aerobic exercise or weight lifting cause more stress on arterial walls?

A

weight lifting

29
Q

what is the Valsalva maneuver?

A

holding ones breath in hopes for more stability during exercises. And is not recommended, especially for those who have high blood pressure

30
Q

what is hypertension?

A

a diagnosis of high blood pressure damaging arterial walls

31
Q

what is it called to take someone’s pulse on their wrist?

A

Radial pulse

32
Q

what is it called when taking someone’s pulse on their neck?

A

Carotid Pulse

33
Q

what is the equation for rate pressure product?

A

systolic blood pressure x heart rate

34
Q

what is rate pressure product?

A

estimate of myocardial oxygen demand, low fitness increases value

35
Q

what is lactate threshold?

A

maximal amount of work that can be produced while keeping a steady state. once threshold is crossed breathing rate spikes

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