Cardiovascular physiology Flashcards
what is VO2?
Volume of Oxygen used by the body
what is the equation for cardiac output?
heart rate x stroke volume
what is the (a-v)O2 Diffference?
the difference in oxygen saturation when blood leave the heart via arteries and returns to the hear via veins.
What is Stroke Volume?
Amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat
VO2 max equation
Cardiac Output x (a-v)O2 difference
the heart used what systems to deliver oxygen?
Cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary systems
What is Diastole?
When the heart fills up with blood
What is Systole?
Contraction of the heart, where blood is pumped out
Blood gets pumped into the pulmonary artery and exchanges what?
CO2 for O2
what is Hemoglobin?
A protein in red blood cells that helps transport O2 to the body
what muscle has special characteristics that allow it to work continuously throughout a persons life span
cardiac muscle
myocardium
tissue of the heart
what are the factors that result in the myocardium being able to continuously work?
an enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium delivery supporting continuous neural responses
what are the sources of fuel that the heart can use?
The heart can use every source of fuel (fatty acids, glucose, amino acids, lactate, and ketone bodies)
list the names of different types of vessels
veins, arteries, arterioles, capillaries
describe arteries and their roles
Large walls, and transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissue
describe arterioles and their functions
smaller walls, connecting arteries to capillaries
describe capillaries and their functions
smallest walls, and exchange nutrients and waste product removal
what are veins and their function?
pump deoxygenated blood back to the heart using special valves
what is venous pooling and some consequences?
when a proper cool down isn’t used when doing high intensity work, the blood pools in the veins, This can cause dizziness, heavy legs, fainting, and for older clients even cardiac arrest
what is the role of blood?
transport oxygen to the tissues via capillaries, trades nutrients and allows for waste product removal,and pumps deoxygenated blood back to the heart
do men or women have higher CO and VO2max and why?
men do, due to bigger heart and more skeletal muscle
how does aerobic training help cardiac output and VO2max?
When blood pumps faster during times of training, when the heart is resting it can pump much easier. It makes ventricular mass stronger resulting in more blood pumped per beat. Also enhancing capillaries makes it easier to transport O2 to the tissue
What is blood pressure?
the force of blood being pumped onto arterial walls
what is the equation for blood pressure?
Cardiac output x Total peripheral resistance
how is blood pressure managed?
via baroreceptors in the arteries dictating dilation or and constriction or arterial walls
what are baroreceptors?
special receptors in major arteries that monitors the pressure of blood then signally the heart to beat in a certain way.
does aerobic exercise or weight lifting cause more stress on arterial walls?
weight lifting
what is the Valsalva maneuver?
holding ones breath in hopes for more stability during exercises. And is not recommended, especially for those who have high blood pressure
what is hypertension?
a diagnosis of high blood pressure damaging arterial walls
what is it called to take someone’s pulse on their wrist?
Radial pulse
what is it called when taking someone’s pulse on their neck?
Carotid Pulse
what is the equation for rate pressure product?
systolic blood pressure x heart rate
what is rate pressure product?
estimate of myocardial oxygen demand, low fitness increases value
what is lactate threshold?
maximal amount of work that can be produced while keeping a steady state. once threshold is crossed breathing rate spikes
