cardiovascular physiology Flashcards
pulse
refers to the alternating surges of pressure (expansion and recoil) in an artery that occurs with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle
bradycardia
a slow heart rate
heart beats fewer than 60 times a minute
tachycardia
a fast heart rate, over 100 bpm
what s “resting heart rate” and when would be this measured
resting heart rate is the heart pumping the lowest amount of blood you need because you’re not exercising
measured after waking up
central tendency
the tendency of the data to cluster around certain values and may be measured as the mean, median, mode.
mean
sum of all values / sample size
median
value above and below which half the vaues lie; if there are an even number of vales take the mean of 2 median values
mode
most frequently occuring value
variability
a measure of how dissimilar values are
range
(lowest to highest value)
korotkoff’s sounds
the pressure at which the sounds are detected is the systolic
factors that might cause a healthy person’s blood pressure be elevated
stress, caffeine, exercise
define hypertension
abnormally high BP (140/90)
primary hypertension (essential hypertension)
results in high blood pressure and can does not have a definitive cause/ underlying condition
secondary hypertension
results in high blood pressure and has a known cause
contributing factors to primary hypertension
age, obesity, diet, race, alcohol, physical inactivity, lifestyle
how to estimate maximum heart rate
220 minus age
what are the canadian physical activity recommendations for duration and intensity of cardiovascular activity of adults
150min/week
which value increased most with exercise, explain
systolic due to increase in preload
what happens when the P-R interval is lengthened
indicates delayed conduction of the sinoatrial nodal impulse to the ventricles and is called first-degree AV block
what happens when the QT interval is lengthened
indicated a irregular heart beat rhythm that can be seen on an electrocardiogram, reflects the disturbance in how the heart’s bottom chambers (ventricles) send signals
cardiac stress test
measures the hearts ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment. the stress response is induced by exercise or by intravenous pharmacological stimulation
exercise stress test
walk on a treadmill or peddle a bike and increase speed or inclination gradually
looking for heart response to physical activity and how the heart works during physical activity
nuclear imaging stress test
a picture is taken of the heart metabolically using nuclear technology while resting and taking another one after doing a activity
determine how metabolically active heart is at rest compared to different activities
can diagnose and show how severe the condition is
