cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards
what does the term auricle mean
ear shaped anatomical lobe
what separates the right auricle with the right ventricle
coronary sulcus
what separates the right and left ventricle
interventricular sulcus
where does the right coronary sit
coronary sulcus
when blood flow through the coronary artery is blocked, what happens to the heart muscle
weaken the heart muscle leading to heart failure; decrease bloodflow → less oxygen → heart failure (ischemia)
how many cusps does the tricuspid valve have
3
what is the function of the tricuspid valve
prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium
carries oxygenated bood
pulmonary veins
carries deoxygenated blood
pulmonary arteries
prevents backflow of blood to the left atrium
bicuspid or mitral valve
why is the left ventricular wall much thicker than the wall of the right ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood in the entire systemic system
aortic semilunar valve
prevents backflow to the left ventricle
chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
strands of connective tissue that prevent the collapse of valve when ventricles contract
arteries
transport oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
veins
transport deoxygenated blood TOWARDS the heart
capillaries
site of exchange between blood and tissues, nutrients, gasses, wastes
tunica externa / adventitia
superficial
fibrous c.t. (collagen + elastic fibers)
tunica media
middle
smooth muscle + elastic c.t
tunica interna / intima
deep
endothelium lining → simple squamous → ;lines vessels
basement membrane → loose areolar c.t
elastic membrane → elastic c.t.
which of these blood vessels may have valves
veins
which of these vessels has a thick tunica media
arteries
which of these blood vessels is most elastic
arteries
which tunic plays an active role on blood pressure regulation
tunica media b/c it has smooth muscle (contracts and dilate)
which tunic provides a supporting and protective coat
tunica externa
which tunic consists of a single layer of cells
tunica interna
what type of blood vessels consists of endothelium only
capillaries
what type of tissue forms the tunica media
smooth muscle
what type of tissue forms the endothelium
simple squamous
what type of tissue forms the tunica exerna
fibrous c.t
the coronary arteries originate from the base of the
aorta
the coronary sinus delivers deoxygenated blood to the
right atrium
what is CAD
Coronary Artery Disease
explain what coronary ischemia is and what causes this condition
less blood flow to the heart causing the muscle to suffer
narro
explain what coronary ischemia is and what causes this condition
less blood flow to the heart causing the muscle to suffer
narrow arteries → less blood flow → less oxygen → muscle suffers
explain what a myocardial infarction is
lack of 02 to the myocardium
explain what is a coronary bypass graft
portion of vein to graft heart
what 2 pairs of major arteries can the brain receive oxygenated blood from
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
the internal carotid and vertebral arteries is connected by a ring shaped anastomosis called the
circle of willis
the vertebral arteries pass through the transverse foramina of what bones
cervical vertebrae
the circle of willis encircles the infundibulum of what endocrine gland
pituitary gland
what is CVA and its common term
cerebrovascular accident; common term is stroke
what is the 3 possible signs or symptoms of a CVA
Face is drooped
Arms falls
Speech slurred
time to call
the middle cerebral artery is a common site of a CVA, explain why
it is related to the embolism that comes from the internal carotid
a CVA involving the left branch of this artery will affect sensation and motor function on which side of the body? explain
right side b/c of contralateral innervation
hemorrhagic stroke
open bleed in the brain; ruptured blood vessel → aneurysm
thrombotic stroke
blockage preventing the blood flow
