Cardiovascular Phys - Red Book Flashcards
Cardiac Mechanism is a 2 step pump. 1st step is what? 2nd step?
1st - atrial contraction
2nd - ventricular contraction
What is diastolic phase - atria fills _______ ventricle.
before
Ventricles are ____% full before atrial contraction.
80
What valves close and open during systolic phase?
Close - AV valves (tricuspid and mitral)
Open - Semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary)
First heart sound? Stage? Event?
LUB
Systole
Closure of AV valves
Second heart sound? Stage? Event?
DUB
Diastole
Closure of semilunar valves
What is the electrophysiology conduction system?
SA node –> Intermodal Pathways –> AV node –> Bundle of His –> Purkinjie fibers –> Ventricles
ECG - P wave
Atrial depolarization
ECG - QRS wave
Ventricular depolarization
ECG - T wave
Ventricular repolarization
ECG - U wave
Papillary muscle repolarization
Hemodynamics - Poisulle’s Law - Flow is proportional to what?
Driving pressure
Radios of tube (to 4th power)
Hemodynamics - Poisulle’s Law - Flow is INVERSELY proportional to what?
tube length
viscosity
Flow = what?
Pressure/resistance
Effect of Vagal or ACh on heart?
Slows heart
Decreases contraction strength
Decreases velocity of conduction
Effect of Sympathetic or NE on heart?
Increases HR & force
Opens calcium channels
Hyperkalemia effect on heart?
Decreases HR
Hypokalemia effect on heart?
Increases HR (initially) Decreases HR (eventually)
Hyper/Hypokalemia is what?
Abnormally high or low potassium in blood
Circulatory Pressure (mm Hg) in Right Atrium.
2 mm Hg
Circulatory Pressure (mm Hg) in Right Ventricle.
25 mm Hg
Circulatory Pressure (mm Hg) in Pulmonary Artery.
15 mm Hg
Circulatory Pressure (mm Hg) in Pulmonary Veins.
5 mm Hg
Circulatory Pressure (mm Hg) in Left Atrium.
5 mm Hg
Circulatory Pressure (mm Hg) in Left Ventricle.
120 mm Hg
Lymphatic system pressure?
-6 to +5 mm Hg
Lymphatic system flow per day?
4 L/day
Right lymphatic drain to?
Right lymphatic duct
Left lymphatic drain to?
Thoracic duct
Lymphatic drainage is located at the junction or what two veins?
Subclavian and internal jugular veins
Organ circulation flow in kidneys?
1 L/min (20% of CO)
Organ circulation flow in splanchnic?
1.5L L/min
Organ circulation flow in skeletal muscle?
1.5 L/min
Organ circulation flow in lung tissue?
1%
Carbon dioxide transport: % dissolved CO2
7%
Carbon dioxide transport: % combined with hemoglobin?
23%
Carbon dioxide transport: % bicarbonate?
70%
Chloride shift: Bicarbonate ions diffuse ____ of RBC.
out
Chloride shift: Chloride ions diffuse ____ the RBC
into
When bicarbonate ions diffuse out of the RBC where do they go?
Into the plasma.
What blood type is the universal donor?
O
What blood type is the universal recipient?
AB
Blood type ____ has NO agglutinogens?
O
Blood type ____ has type A agglutinogens?
A
Blood type ____ has type B agglutinogens?
B
Blood type ____ has type A & B agglutinogens?
AB
Blood type O has what type of agglutinins?
Anti-A and Anti-B
Blood type A has what type of agglutinins?
Anti-B
Blood type B has what type of agglutinins?
Anti-A
Blood type AB has what type of agglutinins?
NONE
What is the frequency of blood type O?
47%
What is the frequency of blood type A?
41%
What is the frequency of blood type B?
9%
What is the frequency of blood type AB?
3%
What is blood clotting activator for extrinsic pathway?
Tissue thromboblastin
What is the blood clotting activator for intrinsic pathways?
Collagen, glass
