Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Blood Flow, Etc

Question 1

Sympathetic control of heart is between which vertebral levels?

Answer 1

T1-T4/5

Question 2

What sympathetic ganglia control heart rate?

Answer 2

Middle and inferior cervical

Question 3

Sympathetic does what in the heart?

Answer 3

Increases rate of contraction, speed of conduction, and force of contraction

Question 4

Increase speed on conduction aka?

Answer 4

+ dromotropism

Question 5

Increase speed of contraction aka?

Answer 5

+ chronotropism

Question 6

Increase force of contraction aka?

Answer 6

+ inotropism

Question 7

How is the parasympathetic control of heart done?

Answer 7

Via vague nerve cardiac branches

Question 8

What happens to hear under parasympathetic control?

Answer 8

Decreased rate of contraction, speed of conduction, and force of contraction.

Question 9

Sympathetic and parasympathetic control increases/decreases HR by increasing/decreasing which phase?

Answer 9

Phase 4

Question 10

Sympathetic and parasympathetic control increases/decreases conduction velocity by increasing/decreasing what?

Answer 10

PR interval

Question 11

Sympathetic and parasympathetic control increases/decreases force of contraction by increasing/decreasing what in which phase?

Answer 11

Ca++ influx

Phase 2

Question 12

Blood pressure =

Answer 12

CO X peripheral resistance

Question 13

CO is the product of what?

Answer 13

Stroke Volume X HR

Question 14

CO = 70 ml X 70 beats/min = what?

Answer 14

5 liters/min

Question 15

Blood pressure may be affected by what three things?

Answer 15

HR
Peripheral resistance
Stroke volume

Question 16

What are two mechanisms of BP control. Which is fast and which is slow? Why?

Answer 16

baroreceptors - fast - neurotransmitter

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone - slow - hormonal dependent

Question 17

Where are baroreceptor located?

Answer 17

Carotid sinus and aortic arch

Question 18

Baroreceptor sense what?

Answer 18

High pressure

Question 19

Baroreceptor relay info via what? To where?

Answer 19

Afferent in CN IX and X

medulla

Question 20

A drop in BP will cause heart rate to do what?

Answer 20

increase

Question 21

An rise in BP will cause heart rate to do what?

Answer 21

decrease

Question 22

The reflex response to a rise or drop in BP is via what?

Answer 22

autonomic nervous system

Question 23

Where are low pressure baroreceptor located?

Answer 23

SVC, IVC, and right atrium monitors

Question 24

Poiselle’s Law: Peripheral resistance (PR) is directly proportional to what?

Answer 24

Viscosity of blood and length of vessel

Question 25

Poiselle's Law: PR is inversely proportional to what?

Answer 25

Radius of vessel to the 4th power

Question 26

If blood vessel radius decreases by half then ...

Answer 26

Resistance increases by a factor of 16

Question 27

The greatest resistance in the vascular system is offered by what?

Answer 27

arterioles

Question 28

What law states that pressure within a blood vessel is related the tension, size, and shape of the vessel?

Answer 28

La Place's Law

Question 29

La Place's law governs what?

Answer 29

Blood flow through a tubular structure

Question 30

Blood flow is _______ proportional to the diameter of the blood vessel.

Answer 30

inversely

Question 31

Blood flow in a normal vessel is _____ and _____.

Answer 31

Smooth and laminar

Question 32

As the diameter of a vessel becomes smaller, resistance is ________.

Answer 32

increased

Question 33

What percentage of blood flow is in the venous system at any one time?

Answer 33

60%

Question 34

% in the artery system at any one time?

Answer 34

40%

Question 35

What percentage blood is in the arteries and arterioles?

Answer 35

20%

Question 36

What percentage of blood is in the pulmonary system?

Answer 36

15%

Question 37

What percentage of blood is in capillaries?

Answer 37

5%

Question 38

Blood flow is greatest where?

Answer 38

Arteries and veins

Question 39

Blood flow is least where?

Answer 39

capillaries