Cardiovascular PE

Question 1

S1 & S2

Answer 1

Normal valve CLOSING sounds

Question 2

S1

Answer 2

Mitral and Tricuspid

Question 3

S2

Answer 3

Aortic and Pulmonary

Question 4

S3

Answer 4

increased VOLUME in chamber, dilation

Question 5

S4

Answer 5

STIFF chamber, increased PRESSURE in chamber

Question 6

Aortic/Pulmonic Stenosis

Answer 6

Ejection (out of ventricle)

Question 7

Mitral/Tricuspid Stenosis

Answer 7

Opening snap (into ventricle)

Question 8

Aortic Regurgitation

Answer 8

Diastolic Decrescendo

Question 9

Aortic Stenosis

Answer 9

Systolic
Crescendo-Decrescendo
Radiates to carotid

Question 10

Mitral Regurgitation

Answer 10

Systolic

Radiates to axila

Question 11

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Answer 11

Mid-systolic click

Question 12

ASD/PFO

Answer 12

Fixed, Wide S2 Split

Question 13

VSD

Answer 13

Variable S2 Split

Holosystolic murmur

Question 14

Aortic Regurg (PE)

Answer 14

Wide Pulse Pressure
Head Bobbing
Waterhammer Pulse
Pulsatile Liver

Question 15

Pulsus Paradoxus

Answer 15

Diminishing pulse on inspiration
something is squeezing the heart which diminishes preload (can’t fill)
- Cardiac tamponade
- Constrictive pericarditis (scarring, fibrosis of pericardium. Can be d/t infection, inflammation, auto immune, radiation)
- Severe obstructive