Cardiovascular Part 1 Flashcards
Which statin do you need to use in caution in Asian patients?
Rosuvastatin - higher risk of rhabdomyolysis
5-20mg max!
What are the four electrolyte imbalances with digoxin?
Hypokalaemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypoxia
Hypercalcaemia
Which beta blocker has a long duration of action?
Nadalol
What is the VTE prophylaxis dose for rivaroxaban following hip replacement surgery?
10 mg once daily for 5 weeks, to be started 6–10 hours after surgery.
How long after opening GTN SL tablets do they need to be discarded?
8 weeks
What electrolyte imbalances are thiazides and related diuetics contraindicated in?
Hypokalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Hypercalcaemia
Addisons disease too
What are the contraindications of loop diuretics?
Hypokalaemia - can cause hepatic encephalopathy (use potassium-sparing diuretic to prevent this)
Hyponatraemia
Renal failure from nephrotoxic drugs
Name two weak potassium-sparing diuretics
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene
What drugs increase the risk of hyperkalaemia with potassium-sparing diuretics?
ACE/ ARB
Name two Aldosterone antagonists
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Can you give potassium supplements with aldosterone antagonists?
No
Which beta blockers have intrinsic activity?
Causes less coldness extremities and bradycardia
Pindalol
Acebutolol
Celiprolol
Oxprenolol
Which beta blockers are more water-soluble?
Less of the drug moves to the brain = less sleep disturbance and nightmares
However, excreted by kidneys: caution in renal impairment
Celiprolol
Atenolol
Nadolol
Sotalol
Which beta blockers are once daily preparations?
Bisoprolol
Atenolol
Celiprolol
Carvedilol
Nadolol
Name a risk of the use of beta blockers in diabetic patients
Can mask the symptoms of hypoglycaemia as affects carbohydrate metabolism
Can beta blockers be suddenly stopped?
No because it can exacerbate angina
Can beta blockers be used with verapamil?
No because it can precipitate a risk of heart failure
What are the common side effects of beta blockers?
Dizziness
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Cold hands and feet
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Diarrhoea
Nausea
What are the contraindications for beta blockers?
Asthma
Block (heart block)
Cardiac failure
Diabetes mellitus (hypoglycaemic shock)
Extremities (occlusivearterial disease)
What are the main contraindications with rate-limiting calcium channel blockers?
- Left ventricular dysfunction
- Heart failure - participate HF
- Diabetes - diltiazem may increase blood sugar
- Unstable angina or MI - avoid within 1 month of MI, may increase mortality in patient with left ventricular dysfunction
