Cardiovascular Nursing Flashcards
What is Morphine Sulfate used for cardiac drug therapy
It decreases cardiac workload by lowering myocardial oxygen consumption.
*may depress respirations
What is the therapeutic action of nitroglycerin
Reduce pain, decrease preload and afterload, increased myocardial oxygen supply, increase collateral circulation to ischemic areas of myocardium
What are some of the myocardial complications
Pulmonary edema, cardiac Dysrhythmias, carcinogenic shock, pericardial effusion, myocardial rupture
Why is it important to keep the client sitting position if pulmonary edema is suspected in a client with MI
Vessels may become engorged and leak fluid into the lungs
What is a pulmonary artery catheter used for
To measure central venous pressure- blood entering the heart- right atrial pressure
What are the clinical manifestations of acute pulmonary edema
Severe dyspnea- rate 30 higher,
Breath sounds- bubbling crackles, wheezing and rhonchi throughout lungs, cough with frothy, blood tinged sputum, tachycardia, cold clammy skin
Why are stool softeners encouraged in a patient that has MI
Prevent straining; vagal stimulation causes bradycardia and provokes ventricular arrhythmias and this can cause sudden increase in venous return to the heart which will overload and weakens the heart
What steps do we take in managing pulmonary edema
- High fowler, legs dangling
- VS, PA wedge pressure, I&O hourly
- Oxygen
- Morphine IV
- Diuretics IV (furosemide or bumetanide)
- Nitroglycerin IV
- Daily weights
Signs of Hypokalemia
Weak pulse, faint heart sounds, hypotension, weakness
*diuretics can lead to hypokalemia which markedly weakens myocardial contractions
Early signs/symptoms of Carcinogenic shock
Cold/clammy skin, dry mucous membranes, decrease pulse strength, restlessness, hyperventilation, nausea & thirst, anxiety
What are vital signs early in Cardiogenic Shock
Rapid heart rate, decreasing systolic blood pressure, increasing diastolic blood pressure
What are the late vital signs in Carcinogenic Shock
Irregular heart rate, decreasing blood pressure (Systolic less than 60), rapid irregular reps, rate
What is a aneurysm of the heart
Bulging of the heart muscle (can happen after heart attack)
T/F when digoxin is given, hypokalemia can lead to dig toxicity
True
What tubes/drains will the patient going in for Cardiac surgery will need
NG, Endotracheal, ECG, Pulmonary catheter, pulse ox, epicardial pacing electrodes, mediastial and pleural chest tubes, radial arterial line, Foley,
