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History 101 > Cardiovascular Notes > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

approximate size, shape, and weight of the heart

A

-4 chambered
-size&shape: a closed fist
-f:255 grams
-m: 310 grams

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2
Q

where is the heart located?

A

lies in the mediastinum structure of the thoracic cavity.

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3
Q

lower blunt tip of the heart is called?

A

apex

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4
Q

a fibrous sac that surrounds the heart is called?

A

pericardium

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5
Q

tough, white fiberous outer layer of the heart
attaches the heart to the sternum, great vessels, and diaphragm, and keeps the heart beating in place

A

fibrous pericardium

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6
Q

removal of the pericardium is called?

A

pericardectomy

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7
Q

outermost layer of the heart wall, homologous to the visceral pericardium; composed if a smooth moist serous membrane

A

epicardium

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8
Q

thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of involuntary striated cardiac muscle tissue

A

myocaridum (myo=muscle)

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9
Q

inner lining of the heart, composed of simple squamous epithelial

A

endocardium

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10
Q

receives blood form the body traveling through the vena cava and pumps blood to the right ventricle

A

right atrium

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11
Q

receives blood from the lungs traveling through the pulmonary veins and pumps blood down into the left ventricle

A

left atrium

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12
Q

receives blood from the right atrium and pumps blood to the lungs traveling through the pulmonary ateries

A

right ventricle

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13
Q

receives blood from the left atrium and pumps blood to the body traveling through the aorta

A

left ventricle

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14
Q

Explain how the thickness of the myocardium is dependent upon the function of the chamber

A

The thickness of the chamber wall is dependent upon the function of the chamber. Ventricles are thicker than atrias with the left ventricle being the thickest

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15
Q

a three cusp valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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16
Q

(also called the mitral valve) valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

A

bicuspid valve

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17
Q

valve at the base of the pulmonary artery that prevents the backflow of blood into the right atrium

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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18
Q

valve at the bas of the aorta that prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle

A

aortic semilunar valve

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19
Q

function of a tricuspid valve…

A

It prevents blood from back-flowing into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts

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20
Q

function of the bicuspid valve…

A

It prevents blood from back-flowing into the lefy atrium when the left ventricles contracts

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21
Q

function of the aortic semilunar valve…

A

It prevents blood in the aorta from back-flowing into the left ventricle while the ventricle is relaxed

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22
Q

function of the pulmonic semilunar valve…

A

It prevents blood in the pulmonary artery from back-flowing into the right ventricle while the ventricle is relaxed

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23
Q

function of chordae tendinae and papillary muscles…

A

Chordae tendinae are fibrous strands that anchor the cuspid valves to the papillary muscles of the heart wall

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24
Q

branch off the aorta and supply blood to the heart wall

A

coronary arteries

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25
Q

drains the heart wall of blood and empties into the right atrium traveling through the coronary sinuses

A

coronary veins

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26
Q

flow of blood: right atrium —>

A

tricuspid valve

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27
Q

flow of blood: tricuspid valve —>

A

right ventricles

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28
Q

flow of blood: right ventricle —>

A

pulmonic semilunar valve

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29
Q

flow of blood: pulmonic semilunar valve —>

A

pulmonary arteries

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30
Q

flow of blood: pulmonary arteries —>

A

lungs

31
Q

flow of blood: lungs —>

A

pulmonary veins

32
Q

flow of blood: pulmonary veins —>

A

left atrium

33
Q

flow of blood: left atrium —>

A

bicuspid valve

34
Q

flow of blood: bicuspid valve —>

A

left ventricle

35
Q

flow of blood: left ventricle —>

A

aortic semilunar valve

36
Q

flow of blood: aortic semilunar valve

A

aorta

37
Q

flow of blood: aorta —>

A

body

38
Q

flow of blood: body—>

A

right atrium

39
Q

a complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation of both atrias and ventricles

A

cardiac cycle

40
Q

the highly populated region of the chest between the lungs

A

mediastinum

41
Q

muscular partition the divides the heart into right and left halves

A

septum

42
Q

commonly called the pace maker
locoation: right atrial wall near the opening of the superior vena cava

A

sinoatrial node - SA Node

43
Q

location: lower part pf the right atrium near the interatrial septum

A

atrioventricular node- AV Node

44
Q

location:originates in the AV Node and extends down both sides of the interventricular septum

A

AV Bundle- Bundle of HIS

45
Q

function of the SA Node…

A

originates the the electrical discharger that causes the heart to contract

46
Q

location: lateral walls of the ventricles

A

purkinje fibers

47
Q

function of the AV Node…

A

receives the impulse initiated by the SA Node and slows the impulse before it reaches the ventricles, thereby keeping the atrias and ventricles from contracting simutaneously

48
Q

function of the AV Bundle/Bundle of HIS…

A

increases impulse velocity as it travels through the ventricles

49
Q

function of the purkinje fibers…

A

stimulates ventricles to contract

50
Q

explain what occurs during atria systole/ventricular diastole

A

Semilunar valves close and cuspid valves open
atrais contract forcing blood into ventricles

51
Q

explain what occurs during atria diastole/ventricular systole

A

Semilunar valves open and cuspid valves close
ventricles contract forcing blood into aorta and pulmonary valves

52
Q

function of the vena cava…

A

receives blood from the body and returns it to the right atrium of the heart

53
Q

function of the aorta…

A

receives blood from left ventricle and carries it to all parts of the body

54
Q

function of the pulmonary artery…

A

receives blood from the right ventricle and carries it to the lungs

55
Q

function of the pulmonary vein…

A

receives blood from the lungs and carries it to the left atrium

56
Q

common name for SA Node

A

pacemaker

57
Q

common name for AV Bundle

A

Bundle of His

58
Q

define myocardial infarcation, explain why they occur, give related symptoms

A

Cause: oxygen deprivation to cardiac muscles cells causing a localized area of tissue death
Reason: Plaque deposits along the walls of the coronary arteries
Symptoms: pain in the mid-chest which travels up the neck out through the shoulders and arms, sometimes shortness of breath

59
Q

insertion of a balloon, to open a coronary artery

A

angioplasty

60
Q

insertion of a spring to open a coronary artery

A

stent

61
Q

re-routing the blood flow around the blockage by graphing a vein taken from the leg or breast

A

coronary by-pass surgeryh

62
Q

what is the cause of congestive heart failure and what occurs as it progresses in severity ?

A

ventricles pump unequal volumes of blood.
if left ventricle pumps less and right ventricle pumps more, pulmonary edema results. (The lungs become more engorged with blood
if right ventricle pumps less and left ventricle pumps more, fluid accumulates in legs, abdomen, and thoracic cavity.

63
Q

heart rate more than 100 bpm

A

tachycardia

64
Q

abnormally slow heart rate

A

bradycardia

65
Q

an abnormal twitching of the ventricles leading to an infective heart beat

A

ventricular fibrillation

66
Q

atrias suddenly begin to beat with a fast but feeble twitch

A

atrial fibrillation

67
Q

cells of the AV node become diseased and cannot transmit adequate electrical impulses. atrias and ventricles begin beating independently

A

atriovenrtricular block

68
Q

occurs when not enough blood is going to the heart muscle and may be brought on by an exercise and stress

A

angina pectoris

69
Q

inflammation of the heart

A

pericarditis

70
Q

top reading level for blood pressure

A

systolic blood pressure

71
Q

bottom reading for blood pressure

A

diastolic blood pressure

72
Q

normal blood pressure

A

120/80

73
Q

pulse and pulse rate

A

is the alternate expansion nd recoil of an artery.
70-80 bpm

74
Q

9 factors

A
  1. smoking
  2. high blood pressure
  3. cholesterol
  4. diabetes
  5. overweght
  6. sedentary lifestyle
  7. family history
  8. male
  9. stress

History 101 (3 decks)

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