Cardiovascular Labs

Question 1

What is the APTT and its normal levels?

Answer 1

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

Normal = 30-40 seconds

Question 2

What is the ACT and its normal levels?

Answer 2

Activated Clotting Time

Normal = 70-120 seconds

Question 3

What 5 labs are monitored for heparin therapy?

Answer 3

APTT (30-40 seconds) Therapeutic = 1.5x normal
ACT (70-120 seconds)
Hct (Males = 42-52%; Females = 37-47%)
Hgb (Males = 14-18g/dL; Females = 12-16g/dL)
Platelet (150-400k)

Question 4

What are normal PT and INR values?

Answer 4

PT (11-12.5 seconds) therapeutic = 1.5-2x normal

INR (0.8-1.1) therapeutic = 2-3

Question 5

What does BUN measure and what are normal levels?

Answer 5

BUN = inflammation, particularly kidney
Normal = 7-20

Question 6

What does Creatinine measure and what are normal levels?

Answer 6

Creatinine = kidney damage
Normal = 0.5-1.4

Question 7

What is normal K+?

Answer 7

3.5-5

Question 8

What is normal Na+?

Answer 8

135-146

Question 9

What is normal Ca+?

Answer 9

8.6-10 mg/dL

Question 10

What is normal Mg+?

Answer 10

1.6-2.6 mg/dL

Question 11

What do you see with hypokalemia?

Answer 11

ST depression
shallow, flat or inverted T wave
prominent U waves

Question 12

What do you see with hyperkalemia?

Answer 12

Tall Peaked T waves
Flat P waves
Widened QRS complex
prolonged PR interval

Question 13

What do you see with hypocalcemia?

Answer 13

prolonged ST segment and QT interval

Question 14

What do you see with hypercalcemia?

Answer 14

shortened ST segment

widened T wave

Question 15

What do you see with hypomagnesemia?

Answer 15

Tall T waves

depressed ST segment

Question 16

What do you see with hypermagnesemia?

Answer 16

prolonged PR interval

widened QRS complexes

Question 17

What are the cardiac enzymes analyzed in ACS?

Answer 17

1. Troponin cTNT
2. Troponin CTN1
3. Creatine Kinase MB

Question 18

When do Troponins appear and peak?

Answer 18

rise within several hours

stay elevated for 10-14 days before returning to baseline

Question 19

When do Creatine Kinases appear and peak?

Answer 19

rise 3-10h post ACS
peak at 24h post ACS
return to normal w/in 3-4d

Question 20

What is the therapeutic range for digoxin?

Answer 20

0.5-2.0 ng/ml