Cardiovascular Important Topic

Question 1

What are the three primary functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Transport, regulation, protection

Question 2

Where is the heart located?

Answer 2

Left side of the chest, slightly tilted

Question 3

What is the purpose of coronary arteries?

Answer 3

Supply oxygen to the heart muscle

Question 4

What is a heart attack ( myocardial infarction) caused by?

Answer 4

Blockage of coronary arteries

Question 5

What is the role of heart valves?

Answer 5

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 6

Which node is known as the heart’s pacemaker?

Answer 6

SA node

Question 7

What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG) ?

Answer 7

Detect electrical activity of the heart

Question 8

What is the difference between the right and left sides of the heart?

Answer 8

Right pumps to lungs , left pumps to body

Question 9

What is the correct order of blood circulation?

Answer 9

Body — Right atrium— Right ventricle— Lungs— Left atrium— Left ventricle— Body

Question 10

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to the heart?

Answer 10

Pulmonary vein

Question 11

Why is blocked coronary circulation dangerous?

Answer 11

It reduces oxygen to heart muscles , causing damage

Question 12

What are the major arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle?

Answer 12

Coronary arteries

Question 13

What is angina?

Answer 13

Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart.

Question 14

Which valve prevents blood from flowing backward into the left atrium?

Answer 14

Mitral ( Bicuspid) valve

Question 15

Which part of the conduction system causes the ventricles to contract?

Answer 15

Purkinje Fibers

Question 16

What happens if the SA node fails?

Answer 16

The AV node takes over as the pacemaker.

Question 17

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

Answer 17

Atrial depolarization ( atrial contraction)

Question 18

What happens during systole?

Answer 18

The heart contracts and pumps blood.

Question 19

What does diastolic blood pressure measure ?

Answer 19

Pressure when the heart is relaxing.

Question 20

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

Answer 20

Veins

Question 21

Which circulation pathway carries blood to the liver for filtration?

Answer 21

Hepatic portal circulation

Question 22

What is the primary function of systemic circulation?

Answer 22

To supply oxygenated blood to the body

Question 23

What does the hepatic portal circulation do ?

Answer 23

Filters blood from the digestive organs.

Question 24

How do arteries differ from veins?

Answer 24

Arteries have thick , muscular walls ; veins have thin walls

Question 25

What helps veins return blood to the heart ?

Answer 25

Muscle contractions and valves

Question 26

What is pulse?

Answer 26

The number of times the heart contracts per minute

Question 27

What are the three components needed for blood pressure?

Answer 27

Cardiac output , blood volume , and peripheral resistance

Question 28

What controls blood vessel diameter to regulate blood pressure?

Answer 28

The brainstem’s vasomotor center

Question 29

What increases peripheral resistance and blood pressure?

Answer 29

Vasoconstriction

Question 30

What is hypertension?

Answer 30

High blood pressure

Question 31

What is hypotension?

Answer 31

Low blood pressure

Question 32

What happens if venous return is poor ?

Answer 32

Blood pools in the veins , reducing circulation