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Cardiovascular Monica xx > Cardiovascular Histology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Histology Flashcards

1
Q

2 circulatory systems

A

cardiovascular symptom

lymphatic vascular systems

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2
Q

cardiovascular system

A

closed system

heart, arteries, capillaries + veins

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3
Q

roles of cardiovascular system

A

transport of O2 + nutrients to tissues
transport of CO2 + other metabolic waste from tissues
temperature regulation
distribution of hormones + immune cells
reproductive function in males = penile erection

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4
Q

where is blood in body

A

peripheral veins (65%)
heart + lungs (20%)
peripheral arteries (10%)
capillaries (5%)

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5
Q

blood vessel layers

A 
inner = tunica intima
middle = tunica media
outer = tunica adventitia
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6
Q

tunica intima

A

endothelial cells

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7
Q

tunica media

A

smooth muscle

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8
Q

tunica adventitia

A

supporting connective tissue

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9
Q

tunica intima = separated from tunica by

A

internal elastic membrane

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10
Q

tunica media = separated from tunica adventitia by

A

external elastic membrane

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11
Q

largest arteries

A

elastic arteries

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12
Q

elastic arteries = own vascular supply

A

vasa vasorum

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13
Q

role of arterioles

A

controlling blood flow in tissues

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14
Q

what are capillaries composed of

A

endothelial cells + basal lamina

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15
Q

what are pericytes

A

outside basal lamina
connective tissue cells
contractile properties

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16
Q

3 types of capillary

A

continuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
sinusoidal or discontinuous capillaries

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17
Q

continuous capillaries location

A 
muscle
connective tissues
lung
skin
nerve
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18
Q

fenestrated capillaries location

A

mucosa of gut
endocrine glands
glomeruli of kidney

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19
Q

sinusoidal or discontinuous location

A

liver
spleen
bone

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20
Q

capillary networks drain into

A

post capillary venules

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21
Q

what are post capillary . venules

A

endothelial cell lined + thin layer of connective tissue + occasional pericytes

22
Q

importance of post capillary venules

A

exchange

cells moves into tissue for inflammation

23
Q

largest veins

A

vena cava/ hepatic portal vein

24
Q

veins flexibility characteristic

A

accomodate expansion

contain most of blood

25
Q

3 layers of heart

A 
endocardium = inner layer
myocardium = middle layer
epicardium = outer layer
26
Q

endocardium

A

inner surface

endothelial cells
fibrous tissue
cardiac muscle

27
Q

subendocardium

A

endothelial cells
fibrous tissue
cardiac muscle
purkinjie fibres

28
Q

myocardium

A

thick middle layer

bundle + layers of contractile cardiac fibres
individual muscle fibres = delicate, collagenous connective tissue + rich network of capillaries

29
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer
flattened epithelium = mesothelium
basal lamina
fibroelastic connective tissue

30
Q

2 parts of pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium

31
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

tough fibrocollagenous connective tissue

32
Q

serous pericardium

A

simple squamous epithelium
basal lamina
connective tissue

33
Q

parietal serous pericardium

A

serous pericardium lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium

34
Q

visceral serous pericardium

A

serous epicardium covers heart surface

35
Q

how is the fibrous skeleton of the heart formed

A

thick bands of fibrous connective tissues around heart valves between atria + ventricles

36
Q

connective tissue of heart

A

supports valves

attachment for cardiac muscle fibres

37
Q

heart valve structure

A 
outer endothelial layer + basal lamina
collagen + elastin fibres layer
core dense connective tissue = lamina fibrosa
papillary muscles
chordae tendineae
38
Q

do the valves contain blood vessels

A

no blood vessels

39
Q

lamina fibrosa

A

heart valve core
dense irregular connective tissue
continuous with fibrous skeleton
covered both sides by endothelium

40
Q

types of cardiac muscle

A

contractile cells
pacemaker cells
conducting cells

41
Q

pacemaker cells

A 
highly specialised muscle cells
appear pale
few myofibrils
little glycogen
no proper T-tube system
42
Q

sequence of events from junction of atria

A 
junction of atria
AV node picks up depolarisation
delay then rapid
interventricular septum
atrioventricular bundle
left + right bundle branches = downwards
reach inferior tip = upwards
Purkinjie fibres
43
Q

fibrous skeleton role

A

physical support

electrically isolates atria from ventricles

44
Q

purkinjie fibres

A 
larger than normal cardiac muscle cells
found = subendocardial layer
abundant glycogen
no T-tubules
no intercalated discs
sparse actin + mysin filaments = periphery
pale celar centre
45
Q

purkinjie fibres role

A

distribute excitatory activity e.g. ventricular contraction

46
Q

what is the lymph vascular system made up of

A

lymphatic vessels that drain tissue fluid - eventually returning it to veins in base of neck

47
Q

blind sacs develop into

A

lymphatic capillaries

48
Q

what does interstitial fluid contain

A

ions
lipids
proteins
occasional cells

49
Q

lymph passes through lymph nodes for

A

immunological surveillance

50
Q

what produces flow in lymphatic vessels

A

no central pump

SM in walls, hydrostatic pressure in tissues + compression of vessels by voluntary muscles

Cardiovascular Monica xx (6 decks)

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