Cardiovascular Histology Flashcards
2 circulatory systems
cardiovascular symptom
lymphatic vascular systems
cardiovascular system
closed system
heart, arteries, capillaries + veins
roles of cardiovascular system
transport of O2 + nutrients to tissues
transport of CO2 + other metabolic waste from tissues
temperature regulation
distribution of hormones + immune cells
reproductive function in males = penile erection
where is blood in body
peripheral veins (65%)
heart + lungs (20%)
peripheral arteries (10%)
capillaries (5%)
blood vessel layers
inner = tunica intima middle = tunica media outer = tunica adventitia
tunica intima
endothelial cells
tunica media
smooth muscle
tunica adventitia
supporting connective tissue
tunica intima = separated from tunica by
internal elastic membrane
tunica media = separated from tunica adventitia by
external elastic membrane
largest arteries
elastic arteries
elastic arteries = own vascular supply
vasa vasorum
role of arterioles
controlling blood flow in tissues
what are capillaries composed of
endothelial cells + basal lamina
what are pericytes
outside basal lamina
connective tissue cells
contractile properties
3 types of capillary
continuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
sinusoidal or discontinuous capillaries
continuous capillaries location
muscle connective tissues lung skin nerve
fenestrated capillaries location
mucosa of gut
endocrine glands
glomeruli of kidney
sinusoidal or discontinuous location
liver
spleen
bone
capillary networks drain into
post capillary venules
what are post capillary . venules
endothelial cell lined + thin layer of connective tissue + occasional pericytes
importance of post capillary venules
exchange
cells moves into tissue for inflammation
largest veins
vena cava/ hepatic portal vein
veins flexibility characteristic
accomodate expansion
contain most of blood
3 layers of heart
endocardium = inner layer myocardium = middle layer epicardium = outer layer
endocardium
inner surface
endothelial cells
fibrous tissue
cardiac muscle
subendocardium
endothelial cells
fibrous tissue
cardiac muscle
purkinjie fibres
myocardium
thick middle layer
bundle + layers of contractile cardiac fibres
individual muscle fibres = delicate, collagenous connective tissue + rich network of capillaries
epicardium
outer layer
flattened epithelium = mesothelium
basal lamina
fibroelastic connective tissue
2 parts of pericardium
fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
fibrous pericardium
tough fibrocollagenous connective tissue
serous pericardium
simple squamous epithelium
basal lamina
connective tissue
parietal serous pericardium
serous pericardium lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium
visceral serous pericardium
serous epicardium covers heart surface
how is the fibrous skeleton of the heart formed
thick bands of fibrous connective tissues around heart valves between atria + ventricles
connective tissue of heart
supports valves
attachment for cardiac muscle fibres
heart valve structure
outer endothelial layer + basal lamina collagen + elastin fibres layer core dense connective tissue = lamina fibrosa papillary muscles chordae tendineae
do the valves contain blood vessels
no blood vessels
lamina fibrosa
heart valve core
dense irregular connective tissue
continuous with fibrous skeleton
covered both sides by endothelium
types of cardiac muscle
contractile cells
pacemaker cells
conducting cells
pacemaker cells
highly specialised muscle cells appear pale few myofibrils little glycogen no proper T-tube system
sequence of events from junction of atria
junction of atria AV node picks up depolarisation delay then rapid interventricular septum atrioventricular bundle left + right bundle branches = downwards reach inferior tip = upwards Purkinjie fibres
fibrous skeleton role
physical support
electrically isolates atria from ventricles
purkinjie fibres
larger than normal cardiac muscle cells found = subendocardial layer abundant glycogen no T-tubules no intercalated discs sparse actin + mysin filaments = periphery pale celar centre
purkinjie fibres role
distribute excitatory activity e.g. ventricular contraction
what is the lymph vascular system made up of
lymphatic vessels that drain tissue fluid - eventually returning it to veins in base of neck
blind sacs develop into
lymphatic capillaries
what does interstitial fluid contain
ions
lipids
proteins
occasional cells
lymph passes through lymph nodes for
immunological surveillance
what produces flow in lymphatic vessels
no central pump
SM in walls, hydrostatic pressure in tissues + compression of vessels by voluntary muscles
