Cardiovascular (heart) Flashcards
End-diastolic volume
The amount of blood in the heart (left side) at the end of ventricular diastole
Usually 120 ml
End-systolic volume
The amount of blood left over in the left ventricle after ejection (at the end of sistole, after ventricular contraction
Usually 50 ml
Stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat
Usually 70 ml
Hypertension
Elevated diastolic or systolic blood pressure
Cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per min
5 L/min
Heart murmur
The sound that you hear near the heart indicating blood is leaking back into the left atrium
Mitrovalve prolapse
No leaking of blood but semilunar valve bulges into left atrium
Atrial regurgitation
When the prolapse is so bad that the seal is compromised (blood goes into left atrium from left ventricle)
Normal heart rate range
60-100 bpm
Max heart rate
250 bpm
Ionitrophy
How hard the heart is contracting
Preload
The blood returning to the heart (Venus return)
After load
The blood that the heart is pumping blood against (the pressure of blood the left ventricle has to push blood against)
Mean arterial pressure
Important for profusion (delivery of blood to all of your organs) CO x TPR = MAP
2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Blood has most resistance to flow where
Arteriols
Blood Pressure
How far the pressure of your blood will push up a column if mercury
normemic
normal hematocrit
polythemic
high hematocrit
Arteriols
major resistance vessels
endothelium and thick layer of smooth muscle
direct/redistribute blood flow and help regulate MAP
Capillaries
precapillary sphincter control the flow of blood into the capillary bed
primary site of molecular exchange between plasma and ECF
very thin walls (only epithelium)
velocity of flow decreased
Venules
collect blood from capillary beds and deliver to veins
Vasa Vasorum
feed blood to blood vessels (more around veins because carry deoxygenated blood)
Continuous Capillaries
most common
found in muscle, neural, and connective tissue
blood-brain barrier (tight junction between epithelial cells - little can get through)
Fenestrated Capillaries
large pores allow high volumes of fluid to pass
found in kidney and intestines
want to filter blood
