Cardiovascular (heart)

Question 1

End-diastolic volume

Answer 1

The amount of blood in the heart (left side) at the end of ventricular diastole

Usually 120 ml

Question 2

End-systolic volume

Answer 2

The amount of blood left over in the left ventricle after ejection (at the end of sistole, after ventricular contraction

Usually 50 ml

Question 3

Stroke volume

Answer 3

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

Usually 70 ml

Question 4

Hypertension

Answer 4

Elevated diastolic or systolic blood pressure

Question 5

Cardiac output

Answer 5

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per min

5 L/min

Question 6

Heart murmur

Answer 6

The sound that you hear near the heart indicating blood is leaking back into the left atrium

Question 7

Mitrovalve prolapse

Answer 7

No leaking of blood but semilunar valve bulges into left atrium

Question 8

Atrial regurgitation

Answer 8

When the prolapse is so bad that the seal is compromised (blood goes into left atrium from left ventricle)

Question 9

Normal heart rate range

Answer 9

60-100 bpm

Question 10

Max heart rate

Answer 10

250 bpm

Question 11

Ionitrophy

Answer 11

How hard the heart is contracting

Question 12

Preload

Answer 12

The blood returning to the heart (Venus return)

Question 13

After load

Answer 13

The blood that the heart is pumping blood against (the pressure of blood the left ventricle has to push blood against)

Question 14

Mean arterial pressure

Answer 14

Important for profusion (delivery of blood to all of your organs) CO x TPR = MAP

2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic

Question 15

Blood has most resistance to flow where

Answer 15

Arteriols

Question 16

Blood Pressure

Answer 16

How far the pressure of your blood will push up a column if mercury

Question 17

normemic

Answer 17

normal hematocrit

Question 18

polythemic

Answer 18

high hematocrit

Question 19

Arteriols

Answer 19

major resistance vessels
endothelium and thick layer of smooth muscle
direct/redistribute blood flow and help regulate MAP

Question 20

Capillaries

Answer 20

precapillary sphincter control the flow of blood into the capillary bed
primary site of molecular exchange between plasma and ECF
very thin walls (only epithelium)
velocity of flow decreased

Question 21

Venules

Answer 21

collect blood from capillary beds and deliver to veins

Question 22

Vasa Vasorum

Answer 22

feed blood to blood vessels (more around veins because carry deoxygenated blood)

Question 23

Continuous Capillaries

Answer 23

most common
found in muscle, neural, and connective tissue
blood-brain barrier (tight junction between epithelial cells - little can get through)

Question 24

Fenestrated Capillaries

Answer 24

large pores allow high volumes of fluid to pass
found in kidney and intestines
want to filter blood

Question 25

Sinusoidal (Discontinuous) Capillaries

Answer 25

allow blood cells and plasma proteins to enter blood via endothelium
found in bone marrow, liver, and spleen

Question 26

shunt

Answer 26

arteries to vein, passes capillaries

Question 27

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 27

forcing blood out - water pressure Pc

Question 28

Interstitial-fluid hydrostatic pressure

Answer 28

pressure from interstitial fluid moving water back into blood vessel

Question 29

capillary oncotic pressure

Answer 29

proteins and ions in blood that is not in the extracellular fluid, water drawn in

Question 30

interstitial-fluid oncotic pressure

Answer 30

solutes in interstitial fluid draw water out of blood vessel

Question 31

Edema

Answer 31

build up of fluid in interstitial space - can be normal

Question 32

Lymphedema

Answer 32

blockage of lymph vessels

Question 33

kwashiorkor

Answer 33

build up of fluid in peritoneal cavity

Question 34

ascites

Answer 34

extended abdomen