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RS Ex Phys Written Final > Cardiovascular Exercise Responses (including prep lectures > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Exercise Responses (including prep lectures Flashcards

1
Q

diastole

A

T-wave to QRS

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2
Q

systole

*there is overlap bc atria fill while chambers contract

A

QRS to T wave

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3
Q

End- diastolic volume

A

amount of blood in ventricles just prior to contraction

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4
Q

End-systolic volume

A

amount of blood left in ventricles just after contraction

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5
Q

isovolumeric vs. isovolumetric contraction

A

isovolumeric is the contraction while inlet and outlet valves are still closed, isovolumetric is the heart contraction that pushes blood out through the valves

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6
Q

ejection phase-

A

while inlet valves are closed and outlet valves are open

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7
Q

isovolumeric relaxation

A

all valves closed, pressure falls rapidly. When pressure of ventricles

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8
Q

parasympathetic control of the heart

A

vagus nerve controls SA node from rest to moderate activity. parasympathetic nerves are in atria and surround nodes

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9
Q

sympathetic control of the heart

A

chain ganglia have nerves all over the heart anatomy

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10
Q

VO2max equation

A

VO2max= Q (HR*SV) * aVO2 difference

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11
Q

components of SV

A

Preload
Afterload
Contractility
HR

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12
Q
  • SV equation

- how does it change graphically with work

A
  • end diastolic volume- End systolic volume

- increases curvilinearly until it reaches max at 50% aerobic capacity and my increase slightly from there

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13
Q

Why does resting HR increase with age

A

likely due to decreased parasympathetic control

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14
Q
  • ventilation

- respiration

A
  • air in and out

- exchange of O2 and CO2

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15
Q

Ventilation equation

A

VE=TV*f in liters/min

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16
Q

during mild-moderate exercise, VE is increased by _____. During vigorous exercise, _____

A

-increased tidal volume, increased breathing rate

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17
Q

Tidal volume & RR increases until, ____% of peak exercise, then ____

A

-70-80%, RR^

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18
Q

What is AT/LT/VT

A

lactate threshold; where blood becomes acidic and harder to clear. How well you clear it determines endurance. This is also the ventilatory break point

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19
Q

venous constriction (or really just decreased compliance results in what things?

A
  • increased pressure in peripheral veins without change in resistance
  • increased venous return
  • increased bloof flow to heart
  • increased preload (thus Frank starling mechanism)
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20
Q

Velocity of blood flow is _________ to the CSA of the vessel

  • 2x length, ___
  • 2x radius, ___
  • 2x viscosity, ___
A
  • inversely proportional
  • flow decreases by 50%
  • flow increases 16 fold
  • flow decreases 50%
21
Q

sheer stress

A

blood flows through vessels causing friction on the endothelial wall. Healthy individuals will release NO in response. Sclerotic vessels will experience more sheer stress (tension)

22
Q

vascular tone

  • extrinsic factors
  • intrinsic factors
A

health of the vessel, degree of constriction

  • neural (+) and hormonal (+)
  • metabolites (-), local hormones (+/-), myogenic (+), endothelial factors (+/-)
23
Q

Active hyperemia

A

increase in blood flow to meet the metabolic demand of activity

24
Q

Reactive hyperemia

A

blood flow is transiently increased following a brief period of total ischemia

25
Q

What is the intrinsic rate of the SA node?

A

~72 bpm

26
Q

Why do athletes have a lower HR?

A
  • higher SV (left ventricle thicker), thus Q

- PSM control increases

27
Q

Anaerobic threshold

  • rise in ___ disproportionate to ___
  • indicates body can’t solely supply energy via ____ any more
  • above AT, cant ________
  • can _____
  • decreased ___
A
  • CO2, O2
  • aerobic metabolism
  • sustain prolonged workload
  • increase with training
  • pH
28
Q

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

  • equation
  • ___ with exercise
  • ____ indicates max effort
  • ___ indicates anaerobic metabolism is present
A
  • RER=VCO2/VO2
  • increases
  • > 1.09
  • > 1.00
29
Q

The higher your VO2max, ____________________

A

the lower your VO2 will be at a given submaximal workload

30
Q

Q

  • what is it?
  • equation
  • rest
  • exercise
  • change with workload
A
  • amount of blood pumped from the heart per unit time
  • Q= HR*SV
  • rest ~5L/min
  • exercise ~20 L/min
  • increases linearly up to 50% due to HR and SV. After 50%, primarily due to HR
31
Q

Skeletal muscle receives __% of Q distribution at rest and __% with exercise

A

25, 85

32
Q

Maximal Q __ with conditioning. _____ at any fixed submaximal work rate

A

increases, remains about unchanged

33
Q

SV

  • normal max
  • change with work rate
A
  • 100-200ml/beat

- increases curvilinearly until reaching near max at 50% aerobic capacity

34
Q

Ejection Fraction

  • what is it?
  • equation
  • average
A
  • proportion of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat
  • EF=SV/EDV
  • ~60% in healthy adults
35
Q

Can’t really increase max HR, but ______

A

can still increase VO2 (via increase in SV)

36
Q

Karvonen Formula

A

[training range % (max HR-resting HR)]+resting HR

*will calculate twice to get high and low numbers of range

37
Q

HR should drop _____ bpm within first minute of stopping activity

A

12-18

38
Q

Minute Ventilation

A

-VE; how much air you take in or expire per minute. Analogous to Q

39
Q

Fick’s Law of Diffusion

A

amount of gas that moves across a sheet of tissue is proportional to the area of the sheet but inversely proportional to its thickness

40
Q

dyspnea

A

SOA during exercise that is most often caused by inability to readjust blood PCO2 and H+ due to poor conditioning of respiratory muscles

41
Q

To best clear lactate, recovery should be ____

A

active

42
Q

A-VO2 at rest vs. exercise

A

5 mL/O2/100mL/dl

15

43
Q

What happens to blood volume with endurance training/.

-hematocrit?

A

increases. Plasma volume increases a lot so hematocrit should be low

44
Q

Why don’t vessels supplying active muscle contract w/ sympathetic activation during exercise?

A

endothelial lining releases NO to inhibit SNS and vasodilate

45
Q

Size of friction in sheer stress due to ______

A

rate of sliding and fluid viscosity

46
Q

BP

  • equation
  • changes with exercise
A
  • BP= Q * TPR
  • systolic increases linearly with intensity
  • diastolic may decrease slightly or remain unchanged
  • max BP doesn’t change
47
Q

Nervous system control of Arterial BP (short and long term)

A

short term- CV system (pulm and cardiac stretch receptors)

long term- kidneys

48
Q

Aging

A

all values pretty much decrease, except peripheral vascular resistance increases, and SUBMAX HR and BP increase

RS Ex Phys Written Final (6 decks)

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