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CARDIOVASCULAR- Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What does Truncus arteriosus gives rise to?

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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2
Q

In heart embriology what gives place to Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles?

A

Bulbus cordis

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3
Q

What does primitive atria gives rise to?

A

Trabeculated part of left and right atria

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4
Q

Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles come from

A

Primitive ventricle

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5
Q

What does Primitive pulmonary vein gives rise to?

A

Smooth part of left atrium

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6
Q

From where does Coronary sinus comes from?

A

Left horn of sinus venosus (SV)

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7
Q

Right horn of Sinus venosus gives rise to…

A

Smooth part of right atrium

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8
Q

Superior Vena Cava comes from…

A

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

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9
Q

Which is the first functional organ in vertebrate embryos?

A

Heart

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10
Q

When does the heart starts to beat?

A

Beats spontaneously by week 4 of development

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11
Q

When does the primary heart tube loops to establish left-rigth polarity?

A

Begins in week 4 of gestation

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12
Q

What does defect in left-rigth dynenin can lead?

A

Dextrocardia

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13
Q

Which syndrome presents dextrocardia? what else does it presents?

A

Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia)

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14
Q

Septum primum grows toward endocardial cushions, narrowing foramen primium

A

First Step of septation of Atria

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15
Q

What happens in Second step of septation of Atria?

A

Foramen secundum forms in septum primum (foramen primum disappears)

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16
Q

Septum secundum develops as formaen secundum maintains rigth to left shunt

A

Third Step of septation of Atria

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17
Q

Septum secundum expands and covers most of the formaen secundum. The residual formanen is the foramen ovale

A

Forth Step of septation of Atria

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18
Q

Which is the fifth Step of septation of Atria?

A

Remaining portion of septum primum forms valve of foramen ovale

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19
Q

Septum secundum and septum primum fuse to form the atrial septum

A

Sixth Step of septation of Atria

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20
Q

Which is the final step of Step of septation of Atria?

A

Foramen ovale closes soon after birth because of ↑ LA pressure

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21
Q

Which is the reason of Patent foramen ovale?

A

Caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth; most are left untreated

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22
Q

Which could be the complications of Patent foramen ovale?

A

Can lead to paradoxical emboli (venous thromboemboli that enter systemic arterial circulation) similar to those resulting from ASD

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23
Q

Muscular ventricular septum forms. Opening is called interventricular foramen

A

First step of Septation of Ventricles

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24
Q

Which is the second step of septation of ventricles?

A

Aorticopulmonary septum rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum to form membranous interventricular septum, closing interventricular foramen

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25
This is the last step in Septation of Ventricles
Growth of endocardial cushions separates atria from ventricles and contributes to both atrial septation and membranous portion of the interventricular septum
26
Where does Ventricular septal defect commonly occurs?
In the membranous septum
27
This is the clinical manifestation of Ventricular septal defect
Acyanotic at birth due to left to right shunt
28
Outflow tract formation
Truncus arteriosus rotates; neural crest and endocardial cell migrations→ Trucal and bulbar ridges that spiral and fuse to form aorticopulmonary septum → ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
29
Name conotruncal abnormalities
Transposition of great vessels Tetralogy of Fallot Persistent truncus arteriosus
30
From where do Aortic/ pulmonary derived?
From endocardial cushions of outfluw tract
31
From where do Mitral/ Tricuspid derived?
From fused endocardial cushions of the AV canal
32
Which are valve anomalies?
Stenotic Regurgitant Atretic Displaced (epstein anomaly)
33
Where does fetal erytrhopoiesis takes place?
``` Young Liver Synthesizes Blood Yolk sac Liver Spleen Bone marrow ```
34
Who manage erythropoiesis in Embryo phase (3-8 weeks)?
Yolk salk
35
In this phase the liver manages Fetal erythropoiesis
6 weeks- birth
36
From week 10- 28, whi manages Erythropoiesis?
Spleen
37
At this age the bone marrow manages erythropoiesis
18 weeks to adult
38
Which are the components of Fetal hemoglobin (HbF)?
α2γ2
39
How is Adult hemoglobin normaly composed?
α2β2
40
These are the characteristics of HbF
Higher affinity for oxygen due to less avid binding of 2-3 BPG
41
What allows to extract oxygen from (HbA) maternal hemoglobin across the placenta?
HbF high affinity to oxygen
42
How os the PO2 in umbilical vein of fetal circulation?
PO2= 30 mmHg
43
How is the O2 saturation in umbilical vein of fetal circulation?
80% saturation with O2
44
How is the O2 saturation im umbilical arteries of fetal circulation?
Low O2 saturation
45
Which are the 3 important shunts in fetal circulation?
Ductus venosus Foramen ovale Ductus arterious
46
Blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein is conducted via...
Ductus venosus into the IVC to bypass the hepatic circulation
47
Most highly oxigenated blood reaching the heart via the IVC is diverted through...
Foramen ovale and pumped out the aorta to the head and body
48
Which is the way Deoxygenated blood entering the RA from the SVC goes?
RA→ RV → main PA → patent ductuts arteriosus → descending aorta; due to high fetal pulmonary artery resistance (due partly to low O2 tension
49
How is the Ductus arteriosus closed?
At birth, infant takes a breath; ↓ resistance in pulomnary vasculature causes ↑ left atrial pressure vs right atrial pressure; foramen ovale closses (now called fossa ovalis); ↑ in O2 (from respiration) and ↓ in prostaglandins (from placental separation)
50
These drug help to close PDA (patent)
Indomethacin
51
After Indomethacin closes PDA, what is left?
DA remnant (ligamentum arteriosum)
52
What keeps PDA open?
Prostaglandins E1 and E2 keep PDA open
53
Postnatal Umbilical vein becomes...
Ligamentum teres hepatis
54
Where is contained Ligamentum Teres hepatis?
In Falciform ligament
55
Fetal Umbilical arteries derivate to...
Medial umbilical ligaments
56
What happens to Ductus arteriosus and venosus?
They become Ligamentum arteriosum and venosum
57
This is what happens to Foramen ovale postnatal
Fossa ovalis
58
What becomes of Allantois?
Urachus median umbilical ligament
59
What is the urachus?
Is the part of the allantoic duct between the bladder and the umbilicus
60
What happens to Notochord postnatally?
Nucleus pulposus of invertebral disc

CARDIOVASCULAR (6 decks)

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