Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE Step 1-2014 > Cardiovascular-Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular-Embryology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Embryonic Structure: Truncus arteriosus (TA)

Gives rise to?

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Embryonic Structure: Bulbus cordis

Gives rise to?

A

Smooth parts (outflow tracts) of left and right ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Embryonic Structure: Primitive atria

Gives rise to?

A

Trabeculated part of left and right atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Embryonic Structure: Primitive ventricle

Gives rise to?

A

Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Embryonic Structure: Primitive pulmonary vein

Gives rise to?

A

Smoot part of left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Embryonic Structure: Left horn of sinus venosus (SV)

Gives rise to?

A

Coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Embryonic Structure: Right horn of SV

Gives rise to?

A

Smooth part of right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein?

Gives rise to?

A

SVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Defect in left-right dynein (involved in L/R asymmetry) can lead to…

A

Dextrocardia (as seen in Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ventricle septation of chambers formation

A

1) Muscular ventricular septum forms. Opening is called IV foramen
2) AP septum rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum to form membranous interventricular septum, closing interventricular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Growth of endocardial cushions contributes to…

A

1) Seperation of Atria from ventricles

2) Part of atrial septum and membranous portion of ventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

VSD most commonly occurs in the…

A

membranous septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outflow tract formation

A

Truncus arteriosus rotates; neural cres and endocardial cell migrations from hindbrain to AP trunk –> cells invade truncal and bulbar ridges that spiral and fuse to form AP septum–> dividing AP trunk into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aortic/Pulmonary valve embryonic origin?

A

Endocardial cushions of outflow tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mitral/Tricuspid valve embryonic origin?

A

Fused endocardial cushion of the AV canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atria septation of chambers formation

A

1) Septum primum grows toward endocardial cushion, narrowing foramen primum
2) foramen secundum forms in spetum primum (septum primum disappears)
3) Septum secundum forms resulting in foramen secundum maintaining right to left shunt
4) Septum secundum expands and covers most of foramen secundum. Residual foramen is foramen ovale
5) Remaining portaion of septum primum forms valve of foramen ovale
6) Septum secundum and septum primum fuse to form atrial septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Patent formamen ovale

A

Failure of spetum primum and suptum secundum to fuse after birth

18
Q

Foramen ovale closes after birth due to

A

Increase in LA pressure with first breath

19
Q

Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in

A 
Yolk sac (3-8 weeks)
Liver (6 weeks-Birth)
Spleen (10-28 weeks)
Blood (18 weeks to adult)
"young liver synthesizes blood"
20
Q

3 important shunts in fetal circulation?

A

1) Ductus venosus (bypassing hepatic circulation to directly drain into IVC)
2) Foramen ovale (oxygenated blood from right atrium to left atrium so it can enter left ventricle and be pumped out to head and body from the aorta)
3) Ductus arteriosus (deoxygenated blood from SVC eventually to descending aorta)

21
Q

Fetal: Umbilical vein

Postnatal derivative?

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament) contained in falciform ligament

22
Q

Fetal: Umbilical arteries

Postnatal derivative?

A

MediaL umbilical arteries

23
Q

Fetal: Ductus arteriosus

Postnatal derivative?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

24
Q

Fetal: Ductus venosus

Postnatal derivative?

A

Ligamentum venosum

25
Q

Fetal: Ductus arteriosus

Postnatal derivative?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

26
Q

Fetal: Foramen ovale

Postnatal derivative?

A

Fossa ovalis

27
Q

Fetal: Allantois

Postnatal derivative?

A

Urachus-median umbilical ligament

28
Q

Fetal: Notochord

Postnatal derivative?

A

Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc

29
Q

What causes PDA to close at birth?

A

Increase O2 from respiration and decreased prostaglandin from detachment from placenta

30
Q

Supplies lateral and posterior walls of left ventricle

A

LCX (left circumflex artery)

31
Q

Supplies anterior 2/3 of interventericular septum, anterior papillary muscle, an danterior surface of left ventricle

A

LAD

32
Q

Supplies posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum and posterior walls of ventricles

A

PDA

33
Q

Supplies right ventricle

A

Acute marginal artery

34
Q

SA and AV nodes are supplies by what artery

A

RCA

35
Q

Most common site of coronary artery occlusion

A

LAD

36
Q

% PDA arises from RCA

A

85% (Most common)-Right dominant circulation

37
Q

% PDA arises from LCX

A

8%-Left dominant circulation

38
Q

% PDA aries from RCA and LCX

A

Co dominant circulation

39
Q

Coronary blood flow peaks in…

A

Early diastole

40
Q

Infarct of the RCA can cause

A

Nodal dysfunction (bradycardia or heart block)

41
Q

Most posterior part of the heart is the…

A

left atrium

42
Q

What can enlargement of left atrium cause?

A

Dysphagia (compression on esophagus) and hoarseness because of compression of left recurrent laryngeal, branch of vagus)

USMLE Step 1-2014 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions