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Cardiovascular Drugs List for Brainscape Flashcards

1
Q

Prostaglandin

A

Vasodilating. Growth inhibiting.

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2
Q

Pure alpha 1 agonist

A

Vascular smooth muscle - vasoconstriction. Genitourinary smooth muscle - constriction.

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2
Q

Pure beta 2 agonist

A

Vascular smooth muscle - vasodilation. Airway smooth muscle - bronchodilation.

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3
Q

Fibrates

A

Fibric acid derivative.

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4
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha agonist. Central. Administer orally. Transdermal patch. 12 hour duration. Evens out sympathetic outflow from CNS. Stimulates presynaptic α2-receptors in the brain –> decreased CO and PVR, decreased sympathetic tone. Side effects: Dry mouth, ortho

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4
Q

Enalapril

A

ACEi. Ends in April. Reduces preload and afterload, reduces ive this pretty much every time a person has heart failure.

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5
Q

Atropine

A

Anti-muscarinic. Targets: M2 (antag)

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5
Q

Neostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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5
Q

Doxazosin

A

Pure alpha1 selective antagonist.

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5
Q

Minoxidil

A

Direct vasodilator, arterial. Targets ATP-modulated K+ channel in arteries, allowing K+ to leave the cell. Arteriolar effect, no effect on veins. Reflex SNS activation (Na+ retention, increased renin) counters its effects. Can be blocked by using beta blo

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5
Q

Angiotensin-II Functions General

A
  1. Heart: Positive inotropy/chronotropy. LV growth/hypertrophy/remodeling. 2. Adrenal: Aldosterone production/release. 3. Brain: Potentiates SNS. Stimulates thirst, sodium appetite. Stimulates ADH release. Suppresses renin release. Stimulates NE release.
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6
Q

Terazosin

A

Pure alpha1 selective antagonist.

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6
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

Vasodilating and growth inhibiting. Counterregulatory hormone. Produced in the cardiac atria. Stimulus for release is atrial distension. Renal - decreases intravascular volume (increased glomerular filtration, decreased sodium reabsorption, decreased reni

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7
Q

Physostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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8
Q

Losartan

A

ARB. Ends in Artan

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10
Q

Labedilol

A

Like carvedilol, a combination beta and alpha receptor antagonist.

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10
Q

Dobutamine

A

Not useful for cardiogenic shock.

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11
Q

Statins

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors.

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12
Q

Pure alpha 2 agonist

A

Vascular smooth muscle- vasoconstriction

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13
Q

Aspirin

A

COX inhibitor.

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14
Q

Dofetilide

A

Class III. Targets: K channels.

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14
Q

Aldosterone

A

Effects: Sodium retention, K+ and Mg++ loss, myocardial and vascular fibrosis, baroreceptor dysfunction, impaired arterial compliance, prevents myocardial NE uptake, regulates Na_ transport in colon, sweat, and salivary glands. Secondary aldosteronism in

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15
Q

Prazosin

A

Alpha1 antagonist (selective). A sympatholytic drug used to treat high blood pressure, benign prostatic hypertrophy. Remember: Vasodilation (reduced preload/afterload), benign prostatic hypertrophy, HTN - third line drug. Side effects: fainting, orthost

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17
Q

Propanolol

A

Class II anitarrythmic. Targets beta receptors - nonselective, beta 1 and beta 2 (contraindicated in lung disease). Lipophilic. Short and long duration.

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18
Bradykinin
Vasodilating. Growth inhibiting.
19
Verapamil
Class IV. CCA. Nondihydropyradine. Targets: Ca. Treats: SVT, angina, HTN. Side effect: constipation. IV and oral. Negatively inotropic.
21
Metoprolol
Class II antiarrythmic. Targets beta receptors - beta 1 selective. Lipophilic. Short and long duration.
23
Flecainide
Class IC antiarrythmic. Targets: Slow Na channels.
24
Quinidine
Class IA antiarrythmic. Targets: Na med, K, alpha adrenergic, M2 receptors.
25
Spironolactone
Aldosterone antagonist. Blocks renal Na retention. Retention of potassium. Blocks myocardial and vascular fibrosis. Contra-indicated in situations of hyperkalemia.
26
Adenosine
Targets: adenosineR (ag). Very short duration of action, given IV.
28
HCTZ, hydrochorthiazide
Thiazide diuretic. Distal convoluted tubule. MOA: Na+ loss acutely leads to fluid loss. (Reduces both preload and afterload). More long term MOA is a mystery. Cheap. African American/elderly most responsive. Side effects: Renal excretion, use with care
29
Sodium nitroprusside
Direct vasodilator, arterial. Complex of Fe, cyanide, and Nitrosamide. Metabolized by smooth muscle cells into NO. Cyanide gets converted to thiocyanite. Add sodium thiosulfate before administration to decrease cyanide toxicity. Drug of choice for hyper
30
CCA in cardiac myocyte
1. Reduced cardiac contractility. 2. Coronary vasodilation. 3. Decreased HR. 3. Decreased conduction.
31
Amlodipine
CCA. Dihydropyridine.
32
Edrophonium
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
33
Clopidogrel
Platelet ADP inhibitor
35
Nifedipine
CCA. Dihydropyradine. Treats: HTN. Can be used with beta blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia due to sudden BP drop. Side effects: Flush, headaches, dizziness. Contraindications: CHF, Post-MI.
36
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Vasodilating. Growth inhibiting. Counterregulatory hormone produced in ventricular myocardium. Elevated plasma concentrations are a marker for prognosis. Elevated when you have high left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Leads to: vasodilation, sodium
37
AT2 (ANGII receptor)
Distributed in the fetus and the uterus. Functions: vasodilation, bradykinin, NO, cGMP, anti-proliferation
38
Phenoxybenzamine
Alpha antagonist. Non-selective, irreversible. It is used in the treatment of hypertension, and specifically that caused by pheochromocytoma. It has a slower onset and a longer lasting effect compared with other alpha blockers.
39
Carvedilol
Combination beta (nonselective) and alpha receptor antagonist. Vasodilation/reduction of PVR (alpha). Reduced HR and renin (beta). Can give carvedilol and bronchodilator (PDE) for patients who tend to bronchoconstrict.
40
Lidocaine
Class I B antiarrythmic. Targets: fast Na channels. Weak.
41
CNP
Vasodilating. Growth inhibiting. Produced by endothelium in response to endothelial stress. No diuretic activity
42
Pure beta 1 agonist
Myocardium - inotropy and chronotropy. Kidney - renin.
43
Digoxin
Targets: M2 (ag); Na-K pump (BL). Oral, long half life. Positively inotropic.
45
Atenolol
Class II antiarrythmic. Targets beta receptors - beta 1 selective. Not lipophilic. Short duration. Oral (he said long half life in his lecture). Negatively inotropic.
46
Niacin
Fibric acid derivative.
47
thromboxane
Vasoconstrictive.
49
Procainamide
Class IA antiarrythmic. Targets: Na med and K channels. Depresses fast response excitability and increases APD.
50
Vasopressin
Ang II and baroreceptors stimulate vasopressin release from the posterior pituitary. Effects: Increased systemic vascular resistance. Reduced H2O clearance from kidney.
51
Lisinopril
ACEi. Ends in April. Particularly good for diabetes
52
Sotalol
Class III. Targets: K+, beta. (This drug is also a beta receptor blocker!)
53
Endothelin
Vasoconstrictive. Growth promoting. Secreted by cells in response to stress in heart failure.
55
Furosemide
Loop diuretic.
56
Nitrates
Venodilators. Reduce preload.
57
Hydralazine
Direct vasodilator, arterial. MOA unknown. No effect on veins. Toxicity: excess vasodilation (flushing, sweating, palpitation, hypotension, angina) - SLE syndrome. Can be seen 6 months later in women who are slow acetylators. Use in women who are pregnan
58
Amiodarone
Class III. Targets: Fast Na, K, Ca, alpha, beta. (basically this drug should be in ALL THE CLASSES).
59
AT1 (ANGII receptor)
Distributed in vascular smooth muscle, kidney, adrenal cortex, and pituitary. Functions: 1. vasoconstriction, 2. Aldosterone release, 3. Cell proliferation, hypertrophy, matrix deposition.
60
Acetylcholine
Muscarinic agonist. Many functions. Normal endothelium = vasodilation. Damaged endothelium = vasoconstriction. Could administer to test endothelial function.
61
Diltiazem
Class IV. CCA. Nondihydropyradine. Targets: Ca. Treats: SVT but not HTN. Side effects: few!

Cardiology Images (6 decks)

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