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Cardiology Images > Cardiovascular Drugs List for Brainscape > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs List for Brainscape Flashcards

1
Q

Prostaglandin

A

Vasodilating. Growth inhibiting.

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2
Q

Pure alpha 1 agonist

A

Vascular smooth muscle - vasoconstriction. Genitourinary smooth muscle - constriction.

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2
Q

Pure beta 2 agonist

A

Vascular smooth muscle - vasodilation. Airway smooth muscle - bronchodilation.

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3
Q

Fibrates

A

Fibric acid derivative.

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4
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha agonist. Central. Administer orally. Transdermal patch. 12 hour duration. Evens out sympathetic outflow from CNS. Stimulates presynaptic α2-receptors in the brain –> decreased CO and PVR, decreased sympathetic tone. Side effects: Dry mouth, ortho

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4
Q

Enalapril

A

ACEi. Ends in April. Reduces preload and afterload, reduces ive this pretty much every time a person has heart failure.

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5
Q

Atropine

A

Anti-muscarinic. Targets: M2 (antag)

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5
Q

Neostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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5
Q

Doxazosin

A

Pure alpha1 selective antagonist.

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5
Q

Minoxidil

A

Direct vasodilator, arterial. Targets ATP-modulated K+ channel in arteries, allowing K+ to leave the cell. Arteriolar effect, no effect on veins. Reflex SNS activation (Na+ retention, increased renin) counters its effects. Can be blocked by using beta blo

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5
Q

Angiotensin-II Functions General

A
  1. Heart: Positive inotropy/chronotropy. LV growth/hypertrophy/remodeling. 2. Adrenal: Aldosterone production/release. 3. Brain: Potentiates SNS. Stimulates thirst, sodium appetite. Stimulates ADH release. Suppresses renin release. Stimulates NE release.
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6
Q

Terazosin

A

Pure alpha1 selective antagonist.

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6
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

Vasodilating and growth inhibiting. Counterregulatory hormone. Produced in the cardiac atria. Stimulus for release is atrial distension. Renal - decreases intravascular volume (increased glomerular filtration, decreased sodium reabsorption, decreased reni

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7
Q

Physostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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8
Q

Losartan

A

ARB. Ends in Artan

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10
Q

Labedilol

A

Like carvedilol, a combination beta and alpha receptor antagonist.

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10
Q

Dobutamine

A

Not useful for cardiogenic shock.

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11
Q

Statins

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors.

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12
Q

Pure alpha 2 agonist

A

Vascular smooth muscle- vasoconstriction

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13
Q

Aspirin

A

COX inhibitor.

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14
Q

Dofetilide

A

Class III. Targets: K channels.

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14
Q

Aldosterone

A

Effects: Sodium retention, K+ and Mg++ loss, myocardial and vascular fibrosis, baroreceptor dysfunction, impaired arterial compliance, prevents myocardial NE uptake, regulates Na_ transport in colon, sweat, and salivary glands. Secondary aldosteronism in

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15
Q

Prazosin

A

Alpha1 antagonist (selective). A sympatholytic drug used to treat high blood pressure, benign prostatic hypertrophy. Remember: Vasodilation (reduced preload/afterload), benign prostatic hypertrophy, HTN - third line drug. Side effects: fainting, orthost

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17
Q

Propanolol

A

Class II anitarrythmic. Targets beta receptors - nonselective, beta 1 and beta 2 (contraindicated in lung disease). Lipophilic. Short and long duration.

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18
Q

Bradykinin

A

Vasodilating. Growth inhibiting.

19
Q

Verapamil

A

Class IV. CCA. Nondihydropyradine. Targets: Ca. Treats: SVT, angina, HTN. Side effect: constipation. IV and oral. Negatively inotropic.

21
Q

Metoprolol

A

Class II antiarrythmic. Targets beta receptors - beta 1 selective. Lipophilic. Short and long duration.

23
Q

Flecainide

A

Class IC antiarrythmic. Targets: Slow Na channels.

24
Q

Quinidine

A

Class IA antiarrythmic. Targets: Na med, K, alpha adrenergic, M2 receptors.

25
Q

Spironolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist. Blocks renal Na retention. Retention of potassium. Blocks myocardial and vascular fibrosis. Contra-indicated in situations of hyperkalemia.

26
Q

Adenosine

A

Targets: adenosineR (ag). Very short duration of action, given IV.

28
Q

HCTZ, hydrochorthiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic. Distal convoluted tubule. MOA: Na+ loss acutely leads to fluid loss. (Reduces both preload and afterload). More long term MOA is a mystery. Cheap. African American/elderly most responsive. Side effects: Renal excretion, use with care

29
Q

Sodium nitroprusside

A

Direct vasodilator, arterial. Complex of Fe, cyanide, and Nitrosamide. Metabolized by smooth muscle cells into NO. Cyanide gets converted to thiocyanite. Add sodium thiosulfate before administration to decrease cyanide toxicity. Drug of choice for hyper

30
Q

CCA in cardiac myocyte

A
  1. Reduced cardiac contractility. 2. Coronary vasodilation. 3. Decreased HR. 3. Decreased conduction.
31
Q

Amlodipine

A

CCA. Dihydropyridine.

32
Q

Edrophonium

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

33
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Platelet ADP inhibitor

35
Q

Nifedipine

A

CCA. Dihydropyradine. Treats: HTN. Can be used with beta blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia due to sudden BP drop. Side effects: Flush, headaches, dizziness. Contraindications: CHF, Post-MI.

36
Q

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

A

Vasodilating. Growth inhibiting. Counterregulatory hormone produced in ventricular myocardium. Elevated plasma concentrations are a marker for prognosis. Elevated when you have high left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Leads to: vasodilation, sodium

37
Q

AT2 (ANGII receptor)

A

Distributed in the fetus and the uterus. Functions: vasodilation, bradykinin, NO, cGMP, anti-proliferation

38
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha antagonist. Non-selective, irreversible. It is used in the treatment of hypertension, and specifically that caused by pheochromocytoma. It has a slower onset and a longer lasting effect compared with other alpha blockers.

39
Q

Carvedilol

A

Combination beta (nonselective) and alpha receptor antagonist. Vasodilation/reduction of PVR (alpha). Reduced HR and renin (beta). Can give carvedilol and bronchodilator (PDE) for patients who tend to bronchoconstrict.

40
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class I B antiarrythmic. Targets: fast Na channels. Weak.

41
Q

CNP

A

Vasodilating. Growth inhibiting. Produced by endothelium in response to endothelial stress. No diuretic activity

42
Q

Pure beta 1 agonist

A

Myocardium - inotropy and chronotropy. Kidney - renin.

43
Q

Digoxin

A

Targets: M2 (ag); Na-K pump (BL). Oral, long half life. Positively inotropic.

45
Q

Atenolol

A

Class II antiarrythmic. Targets beta receptors - beta 1 selective. Not lipophilic. Short duration. Oral (he said long half life in his lecture). Negatively inotropic.

46
Q

Niacin

A

Fibric acid derivative.

47
Q

thromboxane

A

Vasoconstrictive.

49
Q

Procainamide

A

Class IA antiarrythmic. Targets: Na med and K channels. Depresses fast response excitability and increases APD.

50
Q

Vasopressin

A

Ang II and baroreceptors stimulate vasopressin release from the posterior pituitary. Effects: Increased systemic vascular resistance. Reduced H2O clearance from kidney.

51
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACEi. Ends in April. Particularly good for diabetes

52
Q

Sotalol

A

Class III. Targets: K+, beta. (This drug is also a beta receptor blocker!)

53
Q

Endothelin

A

Vasoconstrictive. Growth promoting. Secreted by cells in response to stress in heart failure.

55
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic.

56
Q

Nitrates

A

Venodilators. Reduce preload.

57
Q

Hydralazine

A

Direct vasodilator, arterial. MOA unknown. No effect on veins. Toxicity: excess vasodilation (flushing, sweating, palpitation, hypotension, angina) - SLE syndrome. Can be seen 6 months later in women who are slow acetylators. Use in women who are pregnan

58
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III. Targets: Fast Na, K, Ca, alpha, beta. (basically this drug should be in ALL THE CLASSES).

59
Q

AT1 (ANGII receptor)

A

Distributed in vascular smooth muscle, kidney, adrenal cortex, and pituitary. Functions: 1. vasoconstriction, 2. Aldosterone release, 3. Cell proliferation, hypertrophy, matrix deposition.

60
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Muscarinic agonist. Many functions. Normal endothelium = vasodilation. Damaged endothelium = vasoconstriction. Could administer to test endothelial function.

61
Q

Diltiazem

A

Class IV. CCA. Nondihydropyradine. Targets: Ca. Treats: SVT but not HTN. Side effects: few!

Cardiology Images (6 decks)

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