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Clinical Tests > Cardiovascular drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular drugs Flashcards

1
Q

MoA of aspirin?

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation

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2
Q

Use of aspirin?

A

Low dose for MI, TIa/Stroke, Angina

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3
Q

Use, MoA and SE of loop diuretics

e.g. furosemide

A

Use: heart failure

MoA: Inhibit Na/2K/Cl co-transporter

SE:

  • Dehydration
  • Low K
  • Low Ca
  • (ototoxic in high dose)
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4
Q

Use , MoA and SE of thiazide diuretics

e.g. brendoflumethiazide

A

Use: HTN

MoA: Inhibit Na/Cl

SE:

  • Low Ca
  • Low Mg
  • High K
  • High Urate ( + Gout)
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5
Q 
Side effects (SE) of K - sparing diuretics
e.g. amiloride, spironolactone
A

High K

GI upset :(

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6
Q

Contraindication (do not use) of Beta blockers?

e.g. propanolol

A

Asthma

COPD

Heart block

INTERACTION: verapamil (CCB, non-dihydropyridine)

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7
Q

Side effects of beta blockers?

A

Lethargy

Erectile dysfnction

Headache

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8
Q

When and how should you check for digoxin toxicity?

A

6-12 hours post dose

Check K (potassium)

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9
Q

MoA of digoxin?

A

Blocks Na/K pump

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10
Q

SE of digoxin

A

Nausea

low appetite

arrythmia

confusion

gynaecomastia (man boobs)

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11
Q

What to do in digoxin toxicity?

A

Stop digoxin
Check K
Treat arrhythmia (Activated charcoal (DigiFab))

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12
Q

Implication of digoxin use in hypokalaemia?

A

Hypokalaemia exacerbates digoin toxicity

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13
Q

Describe the signs of digoxin toxicity

A

CVD: Arrythmia, heart block

CNS: Confusion

GI: Nausea

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14
Q

What should you look for in FBC to detect anaemia?

A

RBC

Haemoglobin (Hgb)

Haematocrit (Hct)

Mean Cell Volume (MCV)

Iron (Fe)

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15
Q

Treating anaemia

A

Oral iron:

Ferrous sulphate 200mg TDS

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16
Q

What does a Mean Cell Volume (MCV) below 80 indicate?

A

Microcytic anaemia

17
Q

What does a Mean Cell Volume (MCV) above 100 indicate?

A

Macrocytic anaemia

18
Q

What is haematocrit?

A

Ratio of RBC volume : total blood volume

19
Q

How to treat Vit B12 deficiency?

A

IM Hydroxycobalamine

20
Q

Side effects of Iron (ferrous sulphate) ?

A

Constipation

21
Q

Which diuretic lowers sodium more than the others

A

Thiazides

22
Q

What type of drug is tinzaparin?

A

Anticoagulant (blood thinner)

Prevents formation of blood clots

23
Q

How is tinzaparin used to treat DVT and PE?

A

In combination with warfarin

24
Q

Side effect of tinzaparin?

A

Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)

25
Q

Alternative to tinzaparin in the case of thrombocytopenia ?

A

Fondoparinux

Non-heparin anticoag! (Factor Xa inhibitor)

26
Q

Why LMWH over warfarin?

A

LMWH affect factor Xa pathway

Whereas, Warfarin needs INR

27
Q

What do the following suggest?

low WBC
low neutrophils

A

Agranulocytosis

28
Q

What is the main side effect of Carbimazole (hyperthyroidism treatment) ?

A

Agranulocytosis

Clinical Tests (6 decks)

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