Cardiovascular Disorders in Pregnancy

Question 1

A concurrent disorder, pregnancy-related complications, or external factor jeopardizes the health of the pregnant person, fetus, or both

Answer 1

High-risk pregnancy

Question 2

Once was a major threat to pregnancy, now complicates approximately 1% of all pregnancies

Answer 2

Cardiovascular diseases in pregnancy

Question 3

Most common cardiovascular disorders during pregnancy

Answer 3

1. Valve damage concerns caused by rheumatic fever or Kawasaki disease
2. Congenital anomalies (such as atrial septal defect)
3. Uncorrected coarctation of the aorta

Question 4

It may occur from Marfan syndrome and is also a concern

Answer 4

Aortic dilatation

Question 5

When should mothers visit their pregnancy care providers?

Answer 5

1. 1 week after the first missed menstrual period
2. As soon as they have a positive home pregnancy test
3. They should visit immediately as they suspect the pregnancy

Question 6

Classification of Heart Disease

Answer 6

Class I - Uncompromised
Class II - Slightly compromised
Class III - Markedly compromised
Class IV - Severely compromised

Question 7

Classification of Heart Disease

Ordinary physical activity causes no discomfort

No symptoms of cardiac insufficiency and no anginal pain

Answer 7

Class I - Uncompromised

Question 8

Classification of Heart Disease

Ordinary physical activity causes excessive fatigue, palpitation, and dyspnea or anginal pain

Answer 8

Class II - Slightly compromised

Question 9

Classification of Heart Disease

During less-than-ordinary activity, patient experiences excessive fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, or anginal pain

Answer 9

Class III - Markedly compromised

Question 10

Classification of Heart Disease

Patient is unable to carry out any physical activity without experiencing discomfort

Answer 10

Class IV - Severely compromised

Question 11

Classification of Heart Disease

Even at rest, symptoms of cardiac insufficiency or anginal pain are present

Answer 11

Class IV - Severely compromised

Question 12

Occurs in conditions such as mitral stenosis, mitral insufficiency, and aortic coarctation

Answer 12

Left-sided heart failure

Question 13

The left ventricle cannot move the large volume of blood forward that it has received by the left atrium from the pulmonary circulation

Answer 13

Left-sided heart failure

Question 14

Narrowing of the valve between the two left heart chambers

Answer 14

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Question 15

The narrowed valve reduces or blocks blood flow into the heart’s main pumping chamber

Answer 15

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Question 16

Occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backwards into the heart

Answer 16

Mitral Insufficiency

Question 17

It is a birth defect in which a part of the aorta is narrower than usual

Answer 17

Aortic Coarctation

Question 18

The left side of the heart becomes distended, systemic BP decreases in the face of lowered cardiac output, and pulmonary hypertension occurs

Answer 18

Left-sided heart failure

Question 19

The effects of back pressure/backflow of Left-Sided Heart Failure

Answer 19

1. Heart becomes distended
2. Systemic BP decreases in the face of lowered cardiac output
3. Pulmonary hypertension

Question 20

It produces profound shortness of breath as it interferes with oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange

Answer 20

Pulmonary Edema

Question 21

It is the result of pulmonary capillaries rupture under the pressure, small amounts of blood leak into the alveoli

Answer 21

Productive cough with blood-speckled sputum

Question 22

Mothers with left-sided heart failure are extremely high risk of what condition?

Answer 22

1. Spontaneous miscarriage
2. Preterm labor
3. Death

Question 23

What happens when pulmonary edema becomes severe?

Answer 23

Patient cannot sleep in any position except with their chest and head elevated

Question 24

Sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position, relieved by sitting or standing

Answer 24

Orthopnea

Question 25

Sensation of shortness of breath that awakens the patient during sleep and is usually relieved in the upright position

Answer 25

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

Question 26

Sudden waking at night with shortness of breath

Answer 26

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

Question 27

If mitral stenosis occurs, it is difficult for blood to leave the left atrium resulting of?

Answer 27

Secondary problem of thrombus

Question 28

It is the result of noncirculating blood

Answer 28

Secondary problem of thrombus

Question 29

Drug of administration to prevent thrombus formation

Answer 29

Anticoagulant

Question 30

What is the drug of choice if anticoagulants are administered?

Answer 30

Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH)

Question 31

Administration of drug that will decrease the strain of the aorta as well as control blood pressure

Answer 31

Antihypertensive

Question 32

Administration of drug that reduces blood volume

Answer 32

Antidiuretics

Question 33

Diagnostic tests with Left-Sided Heart Failure

Answer 33

1. Ultrasound
2. Non-Stress Test