Cardiovascular disease T1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the structure of the aorta relate to it’s function?

3

A
  • Thick wall/ lots of collagen.
  • So it may withstand high pressure/ avoid rupture.
  • Elastic muscle.
  • Control flow of blood/ maintain high pressure.
  • Smooth endothelial wall to avoid friction.
  • Large lumen to accommodate a high volume of blood.
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2
Q

Describe differences between the structure of a capillary and the structure of a vein.
(2)

A
  • Capillary walls are on cell thick.
  • No valves in capillaries.
  • Capillaries have narrower lumen.
  • Capillaries have pores.
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3
Q

Explain why a blood clot in an artery leading to the brain could cause a stroke.
(3)

A
  • Reduced blood flow.
  • Less oxygen/glucose reaches the brain.
  • Less/no aerobic respiration.
  • Less/no ATP produced.
  • Brain needs a lot of ATP/energy to function.
  • Lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration.
  • Lactic acid inhibits enzymes.
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4
Q

Callum’s family have a history of strokes.
Suggest lifestyle changes Callum could make to reduce his risk of suffering a stroke in later life.
(2)

A
  • Less saturated fat/cholesterol.
  • Less salt.
  • Less/moderate alcohol.
  • Increase activity/regular exercise.
  • Reduce stress.
  • Reduced smoking.
  • Reduced/healthy BMI.
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5
Q

Explain the benefits of plant statins to human health.

2

A
  • Lower blood cholesterol.
  • Less chance of CVD.
  • Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in liver.
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6
Q

Why would a CVD patient take platelet inhibitory drugs, such as aspirin.
(2)

A
  • Prevents platelets from becoming sticky.
  • Preventing the formation of a clot.
  • Preventing CVD, for example a stroke.
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7
Q

Why would a CVD patient take antihypertensives such as beta-blockers.
(2)

A
  • Reduce blood pressure.
  • Lower heart rate.
  • Prevent muscles in vessel walls contracting.
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8
Q

Explain the role of antihypertensive drugs in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.
(4)

A
  • Antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure.
  • Lowered blood pressure reduces risk to damage to endothelium in artery,
  • Reduced risk of inflammatory response.
  • Reduced risk of atheroma formation.
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9
Q

Describe differences between the structure of an artery and a capillary.
(2)

A
  • Artery has thicker walls.
  • Arteries have more collagen.
  • Arteries have more muscle.
  • Arteries have more elastic tissue.
  • Arteries have no pores/capillaries do.
  • Capillaries have narrower lumen.
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