Cardiovascular Disease Management Flashcards

1
Q

how does a myocardial infarction happen?

A
  • blood clot
  • stops blood flowing to the heat muscle
  • depriving heart muscle of o2
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2
Q

how does a clot form?

A

-if there are plaques

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3
Q

where are plaques formed?

A

-lining of the arteries

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4
Q

what is the name of the cardiac enzyme that diagnoses myocardial infarction?

A

-troponin

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5
Q

why do troponin levels increase?

A
  • increase when cells are damaged

- due to oxygen deprivation

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6
Q

how long is the troponin detectable in the serum?

A

-6 hours after heart attack

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7
Q

how long does troponin remain in the serum?

A

14 Hours

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8
Q

when does troponin peak?

A

12-24 hours

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9
Q

what are the 3 names of the plaques causing a heart attack?

A
  1. unstable plaque
  2. stable plaque
  3. osclerotic plaque
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10
Q

name the 3 different anti platelets

A
  1. Ticagrelor
  2. cangrelor
  3. prasugrel
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11
Q

What are the 3 main points for unstable angina?

A
  • symptoms of MI
  • no rise in troponin
  • no change in ECG - therefore stable angina
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12
Q

what is stable angina like?

A
  • chest pain and discomfort

- narrowing of coronary arteries

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13
Q

what are anti-coagulant drugs?

A

-drugs that prevent blood clotting

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14
Q

what are antithrombotic drugs?

A

-prevents formation of thrombus

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15
Q

what are thrombolytic drugs?

A

-drugs that dissolve blood clots

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16
Q

what to anticoagulants target

A

-coagulation cascade

17
Q

what happens when the anticoagulants target the coagulation cascade?

A

-reduce thrombotic and vibrant generation and so thrombotic stability is affected.

18
Q

do anticoags target thrombosis as well, and if so how?

A
  • yes

- target fibrin clot

19
Q

what do anti-platelets target?

A

-haemostatic plug

20
Q

how does anti-coag target fibrin clot?

A
  • reduces fibrin activity
  • therefore destroys the clot
  • it is not stable enough so it can’t solidify
21
Q

Is the arterial system high or low shear rate?

A

-high shear rate

22
Q

are the platelets important in arterial system?

A
  • yes - critical role

- rich in platelets - thrombo therefore white

23
Q

what are some anitplatelet drugs?

A

-aspirin and CLOPIDOGREL

24
Q

is the venous system a high or low shear rate?

A

-low shear rate

25
Q

what is the venous system rich in?

A

-fibrin

therefore anticoags used to treat venous thrombosis

26
Q

do anitplatelet treat venous or arterial thrombosis

A

-arterial

27
Q

do anticoags treat venous or arterial thrombosis

A

-venous

28
Q

name some anticoagulants?

A

-warfarin and heparin

29
Q

what are the 3 factors that contribute to thrombosis?

A
  • Virchow’s triad
    1. hyper coagulation
    2. endothelial injury
    3. disturbance in blood flow
30
Q

what is the shear like in venous thrombosis?

A

turbulent shear

31
Q

what happens in venous thrombosis?

A

-activation of coagulation cascade and red thrombus formation

32
Q

what are the 4 anti-coag drugs?

A
  1. target co-factors
  2. target vit k factors
  3. direct thrombin factors
  4. factor xa inhibitors
33
Q

what is the function of antithrombin3

A
  • binds to thrombin
  • forms complex
  • inactivates thrombin activation
34
Q

how does heparin help in inducing the inactivation of thrombin?

A
  • binds to antithrombin

- therefore improves its capacity of anti to bind to thrombin and inhibits thrombin

35
Q

in which category of anti-co drugs does heparin belong to?

A

-target co factors

36
Q

in which category of anti-co drugs does warfarin belong to?

A

-target vit k factors

37
Q

what does warfarin do?

A
  • inhibits vit k reductase

- vit k reductase enables vit k decedent carboxylation