Cardiovascular Disease L13

Question 1

Causes of CAD​

Diet

• ____1____ (excess)
• ____2____ (insufficiency)

Exercise

• Lack of exercise
• Excessive exercise

Stress

Drugs

• Some medical treatments confer increased risk of CAD
• Smoking & excess alcohol

Genes – in common forms of CAD

Answer 1

1. Obesity
2. Anorexia

Question 2

Read

Heart Attack

•175,000 cases per year in UK

Stroke

• 40,000 cases per year in UK
• 1.3 million people living in the UK have had a stroke

Question 3

Read

Impact of CAD: Personal & Financial

Personal

• Social status
• Personal confidence
• Concerns about your present/future – stress
• Concerns about your family – stress

Financial

• Work & Benefits
• Early Retirement & Pensions

Question 4

Read

Impact of CAD: Social Issues

Impact on NHS

• GP & hospital time & resources
• Treatment cost & resources

Impact on social status

• Activity
• Other people’s opinion(s)

Impact on society

• Are you working?
• Are you contributing in other ways?

Question 5

Treatment of CAD: Lifestyle

• Balanced ____1____ plan
• Balanced diet
• Give up; ____2____, ____3____ (depending on treatment)
• Work on reducing stress & causes of stress

Answer 5

1. Exercise
2. Smoking
3. Alcohol

Question 6

Treatment of CAD: Transplantation & Surgery

Transplantation:

• Heart transplants in UK = 143 (in 2013)
• Waiting time – days, months or even years
• Operation lasts 4 to 6 hours on average
• Approximately four weeks in hospital lots of follow-up visits
• Life-long ______ 1 ______ & other drugs too

Other surgery:

• ____2____ – widens coronary artery (common for immediate treatment of heart attacks)
• ____3____ – diverts some of blood flow from coronary artery
• Ablation/cardioversion – restores heart rhythm

Answer 6

1. Immune suppression
2. Angioplasty
3. Bypass

Question 7

Treatment of CAD: Drug therapy (some examples)

• Therapy depends on both life style changes and medical treatments applied
• Some drugs can help to reduce fat – for example “statins”
• ____1____ needs immune suppression
• Angioplasty especially insertion of stents may require treatment with clopidegrel or aspirin to reduce the risk of ____2____ formation around the stents

Answer 7

1. Transplantation
2. Clot

Question 8

The underlying mechanism of CHD involves ____1____ (artery-wall thickening as a result of accumulation of white blood cells and proliferation of intimal-smooth-muscle cell creating a plaque), of the ____2____ of the heart.

Answer 8

1. Atherosclerosis
2. Arteries

Question 9

Name a few diagnostic tests for CHD. (4)

Answer 9

• Electrocardiogram
• Cardiac stress testing
• Coronary computed tomographic angiography
• Coronary angiogram

Question 10

What are other names for Cardiovascular disease?

Answer 10

• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
• Coronry Artery Disease (CAD)
• Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)