Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

What is CVD?

Answer 1

CVD is a general term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels

It is also associated with damage to the arteries of the brain, kidneys and eyes.

Question 2

What are the different types of CVD?

Answer 2

1. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
2. Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVA) & Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA’s)
3. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
4. Aortic Disease

Question 3

What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and what is it sometimes called? Also what diseases does it include?

Answer 3

• A disease where the coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed
• Sometimes called ischaemic heart disease or coronary artery disease
• Includes the following diseases:
  Angina
  Myocardial infarction
  Heart failure

Question 4

CHD - what is angina, include the types.

Answer 4

Angina is chest pain due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle

Types: stable, unstable, varient, microvascular

Question 5

CDH - what is myocardial infarction state the symptoms.

Answer 5

MI is when the blood supplying the oxygen to the heart is severely reduced or cut off. The result is ischaemia of the heart muscle and scar formation

Symptoms:
feeling out of breath, dizzy, pain, nausea, vomiting

Question 6

CHD - what is heart failure?

Answer 6

The heart is unable to adequately pump the blood around the body usually because the heart has become to stiff or weak.

A common cause is MI

Question 7

What are the causes and symptoms of heart valve disease?

Answer 7

Causes: MI, ageing, congenital heart disease

Symptoms: SOB, fatigue, ankle/feet swelling

Question 8

How can a diseased or damaged valve impact blood flow?

Answer 8

1. If the valve does not open fully → obstruct or restrict the flow of blood = stenosis or narrowing
2. If the valve does not close properly → blood to leaking backwards = valve incompetence or regurgitation or a leaky valve