Cardiovascular disease Flashcards
atheroma
the build up of lipid deposits in the tunica intima of arteries
risk factors of athersclerosis
smoking age obesity high cholesterol hypertension
pathogenesis of athersclerosis
fatty streak turns into fibrolipid plaque when collagen is deposited
intima ruptures and exposes plaque to blood causing s thrombus to form over the plaque which can occlude blood vessels
main drug in treatment of athersclerosis
statins hinder cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting coenzyme
statins may interfere with dentistry medication
athersclerosis of coronary artery causes
causes angina
thrombosis of the coronary artery causes
myocardial infarction
what is embolism
blockage of a blood vessel
what are aneurysms?
dilation or bulge of a blood vessel
usually due to hypertension and atheroma
rupture is a big risk
berry aneurysm
base of brain in the circle of willis.
usually in hypertensive individuals
causes subarachnoid haemorrhage
embolus definition
a free floating mass in blood vessels that is able to get lodged
ischaemia
reduction of blood supply to organ or tissue
infarction
death of organ or tissue due to ischaemia
virchows triad
3 components for thrombosis
change in blood flow
change in blood constituents
change in vessel walls
not all have to be present
types of thrombosis
arterial - usually in smokers with sticky plaque
Venous - usually after trauma or surgery due to slow blood flow and usually in legs
cardiac - usually in chambers of left side of the heart
pulmonary embolism
fragment of thrombus detaches and circulates to the right side of the heart and is lodged somewhere in the pulmonary artery - size and location determines effect
