Cardiovascular disease

Question 1

What is Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Answer 1

= Heart conditions that include diseased vessels, structural problems and blood clots

coronary heart disease (CHD)/ coronary artery disease (CAD)/ Ischaemic Heart disease (IHD)

• Heart failure
• Arrhythmias - abnormal heart rhythms
• Cardiomyopathy - disease of the heart muscle
• Rheumatic heart disease - caused by rheumatic fever, and affects heart valves
• Congenital heart disease - defects or malformations in the heart or blood vessels that occur before birth
• Peripheral vascular disease - disease of the large blood vessels of the arms, legs and feet
• Stroke

Question 2

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 2

(CHD)
• Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries leading to decreased blood supply to the myocardium
• Main cause: atherosclerosis

Question 3

Risk factors of Coronary heart disease?

Answer 3

Non-modifiable

• Age
• Gender , Ethnicity, Family history

Modifiable
- Smoking, High cholesterol, Hight blood pressure, Diabetes , Physical inactivity, Being overweight, Unhealthy diet, Depression and social isolation
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Question 4

What is secondary prevention

Answer 4

Secondary prevention = refers to preventing heart attack and stroke through drug therapy and counseling for high-risk individuals – such as those with previous events or known cardiovascular diseases (CVD)

• regular exams and screening tests to detect disease in its earliest stages (e.g. mammograms to detect breast cancer)
• daily, low-dose aspirins and/or diet
• exercise programs to prevent further heart attacks or strokes.

Question 5

First line for cardiovascular disease:

Answer 5

•	First line treatment MONA 
o	Mophine 
o	Oxygen 
o	Nitroglycerne 
o	ASA or plavix